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2021考研英语二 · 完形填空
本页为 2021考研英语二 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 348 词，共 20 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2021考研英语二完形填空原文
It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, __1__,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. __2__ one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you'll __3__ see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to __4__ that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are __5__.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is __6__.People complained that buses were late and infrequent. __7__, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were __8__ or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they __9__ hit cyclists. If the target was changed to __10__,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more __11__ drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another __12__: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you __13__ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a __14__ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight. The __15__ of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well __16__ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a __17__. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria __18__ critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to __19__ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better __20__ the objective.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
1B
2A
3D
4C
5B
6A
7B
8C
9D
10B
11C
12B
13D
14B
15A
16C
17D
18C
19A
20D
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1第 1 题
答案B
解析原文先说设定目标不难，接着用逗号隔开后强调“更难的是理解其负面后果”，前后语义转折，故填 however。therefore 表因果，again 表重复，moreover 表递进，均不合。
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2第 2 题
答案A
解析后文说工作行为有多个组成部分，强调其一则其余会被扭曲。Emphasize 与后文 distorted 形成对照。Identify、Assess、Explain 只表识别或说明，无法体现“突出一项导致失衡”。
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3第 3 题
答案D
解析乘伦敦公交即可迅速看到司机如何因目标扭曲行为。quickly 表很快观察到。nearly 程度不足，curiously、eagerly 侧重态度而非观察速度。
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4第 4 题
答案C
解析查票员的职责是核对乘客是否已付费。check 与 paid 搭配自然。claim、prove、recall 分别表声称、证明、回忆，均非现场核验。
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5第 5 题
答案B
解析赶公交的人被司机不顾，因为赶时间。ignored 与前文不查票、闯灯一致。threatened、mocked、blamed 无原文依据。
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6第 6 题
答案A
解析后文写乘客抱怨晚点、按耗时奖惩，目标即准时。punctuality 对应 late。hospitality、competition、innovation 与时间考核无关。
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7第 7 题
答案B
解析抱怨晚点后增加车辆并按时间奖惩，因果顺承用 So。Yet、Still 表转折，Besides 表另加，均不符。
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8第 8 题
答案C
解析司机按耗时受到奖惩，rewarded 与 punished 并列。hired、trained、grouped 不构成考核对应。
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9第 9 题
答案D
解析司机达到时间目标，但同时也撞上骑车人。Also 表额外负面结果。only、rather、Once 无法衔接“达标却伤人”。
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10第 10 题
答案B
解析若目标改为营收，就会多设查票员并更灵活定价。revenue 对应收费。comfort、efficiency、security 与 inspectors、pricing 不直接对应。
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11第 11 题
答案C
解析若标准改为安全，就会有更谨慎、守交规的司机。cautious 对应 obeyed traffic laws。friendly、quiet、diligent 不强调守法谨慎。
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12第 12 题
答案B
解析另有一问题：人们会极具创造性地完成指标。problem 统领后文航空改时刻。purpose、prejudice、policy 语义不符。
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13第 13 题
答案D
解析你是否注意到航班晚一小时起飞仍能准点到达。noticed 引出常见现象。reported、revealed、admitted 与「你有没有注意到」的语义都不搭。
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14第 14 题
答案B
解析航空公司改了行程应耗时间。trip 指航班行程。break、departure、transfer 不能被“耗时”修饰。
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15第 15 题
答案A
解析故事的寓意很简单。moral of the story 为固定搭配。background、style、form 不能构成此习语。
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16第 16 题
答案C
解析选一项标准就可能牺牲其他标准。sacrifice 对应 multidimensional。interpret、criticize、tolerate 无“舍弃其他”之意。
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17第 17 题
答案D
解析事事可更快更便宜，但有代价。cost 呼应负面后果。task、secret、product 不能表权衡代价。
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18第 18 题
答案C
解析好目标应有多项标准，涉及时间、金钱、质量等关键因素。relating to 表关联。leading to 表导致，calling for 表需要，accounting for 表解释，均不如“关涉”。
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19第 19 题
答案A
解析诀窍不仅是只明确目标的一两个维度。specify 表明确规定。predict、restore、create 与“维度”搭配不当。
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20第 20 题
答案D
解析还要理解如何帮助人们更好地达成目标。achieve the objective 为常见搭配。modify、review、present 不能完整表达“实现目标”。
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