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2020考研英语一 · 新题型
本页为 2020考研英语一 新题型的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 475 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2020考研英语一新题型原文
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:
41.
We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking at someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smiles” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
42.
Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.
43.
With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.
44.
When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.
45.
In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
41C
42E
43G
44A
45D
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41第 41 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案C
解析原文写婴儿与母亲“instinctively gaze”“mutual gaze”构成依恋，成人“looking at someone else in a pleasant way”是赞赏式关注，“Eye contact and smiles”可示意开放与自信。这直接对应“眼神接触可以是友好的社交信号”。G强调敌意，属后文对抗情境；B、F所谓粗鲁或不适并无本段依据。
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42第 42 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案E
解析本段写催产素“increased the amount of eye contact”，自闭谱系男性亦然，并提到“Specific brain regions”用脑扫描研究直视反应。激素与脑区正是生物学机制，故选E。C只谈友好信号，A谈注视时长，均未涉及生物因素。
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43第 43 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案G
解析Minson指出友好场合眼神可表联结信任，对抗场合则“associated with dominance or intimidation”，强行对视还可能“backfire”。这与“眼神接触也可以带有攻击性”一致。C只覆盖友好一面；B、F的粗鲁、不适未在本段出现。
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44第 44 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案A
解析看面孔时眼睛“pause on one spot at a time”，“typically occur at about three per second”后跳到下一处。注视点短暂、频次高，对应A。E谈生物机制、D谈人格，均与扫视节奏无关。
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45第 45 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案D
解析高神经质（自我意识与焦虑）者直视引发更多回避相关脑活动，高负性情绪者注视更短、他人不直视更舒服。人格维度改变对眼神的反应，故选D。F把不适泛化为多数人，原文仅限特定人格；A谈注视时长机制，非人格。
本卷其他题型
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