先做后看
直接读原文和答案收益很低，先限时做完 5 道题，再回来看解析里的原文定位。
2020考研英语一 · 阅读理解 Text 3
本页为 2020考研英语一 阅读理解 Text 3的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 414 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2020考研英语一阅读理解 Text 3 原文
Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.
The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.
But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?
The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
31A
32C
33D
34C
35B
-
31The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will ______.
答案A
解析原文开篇即称多元配额“often...an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people”，并以Lewis与Haddad法案为例：为精英女性设50%席位。故作者认为其几乎无助于削减普遍性别偏见，A成立。B“威胁州政府”、C“提升政界地位”、D“大幅拓宽职业选择”均无依据，法案针对的是委员会席位且作者强调只惠及特权阶层。
-
32Which of the following is true of the California measure?
答案C
解析加州州长签署时承认该法“expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional”，后文又写法院likely裁定其违反equal protection。故C“可能违宪”正确。A未提激怒企业主；B与“Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications”相反；D“平息先前争议”无据。
-
33The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate ______.
答案D
解析作者先问“are such government mandates even necessary?”随即指出女性董事比例“has been steadily increasing without government interference”，并以Catalyst研究（2010–2015全球公司女性董事份额增54%）佐证。故该研究旨在说明政府干预并无必要，D正确。A任意决策之害、B宪法保障重要性、C全球公司女性压力均非该例证目的。
-
34Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to ______.
答案C
解析作者断言强制以性别为首要资格“will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards”，并称“That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota”。故挪威配额导致经验不足者进入董事会，C成立。A低估精英女性、B反对女性参与、D劳资紧张均未提及；“golden skirt”只说明同一批精英占多席，进一步印证合格池未扩大。
-
35Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
答案B
解析全文反复质疑配额既无必要、又可能违宪、还会降低董事会经验、仅令提案者自我感觉良好。由此可推：立法应首先考量可行性与实效，而非象征性配额，B正确。A就业需求、C人人推动正义、D立法聚焦重大社会问题均非文中可合理推出的主旨。
本卷其他题型
2020 年英语一共 8 个题型，可逐篇对照原文与解析。
同题型其他年份
把同一题型的历年原文放在一起看，更容易发现命题规律。
怎么用这一页
按错因归类
每道错题标一类原因：词汇没认出、定位错段、长难句读断、逻辑关系看反、粗心。
沉淀生词
只把真正卡住理解的词收进生词本，配本页原句回看，别整篇抄词。