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2021考研英语一 · 新题型
本页为 2021考研英语一 新题型的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 437 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2021考研英语一新题型原文
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions? A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts. Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees: Better hiring practices Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pédro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science 41 One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process. More effective marketing Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 42 These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT. Saving customers money Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,” says Domingos, 43 Improved accuracy “Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 44 Protecting and maintaining infrastructure A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
41G
42C
43E
44B
45D
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41第 41 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案G
解析空格41位于“Better hiring practices”段，前文强调AI可减少招聘中的无意识偏见，并提到面试结果比AI更偏颇。G项写AI能批量审阅简历并筛选更有潜力的候选人，与招聘、去偏见、扩大筛选量直接衔接。A谈科研检索、C谈广告投放均属营销或研究，B为审计合同，均与招聘无关。
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42第 42 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案C
解析空格42在“More effective marketing”段，前文已举邮件标题优化提高打开率之例。C项Acquisio跨渠道分析广告效果并建议投放，同属营销优化、辅助而非替代人，与后文Winston“tools that help people use data”一致。G谈简历、E谈保险定价、B谈审计，主题不符。
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43第 43 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案E
解析空格43紧接Domingos论保险定价的引语：“Before, they might not insure…or charge them too much,”。E项补全同一思路：收费过低也会让公司亏钱，使风险定价更完整。C、G分属营销与招聘，D谈设备预警，无法接续保险语境。
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44第 44 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案B
解析空格44在“Improved accuracy”段，Winston指出机器学习使统计更可靠、决策更明智。B项会计师事务所用AI审合同、与员工复核结合更快更准，正是“提高准确性、辅助决策”的实例。A替人做检索、C做广告，均未突出准确度提升。
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45第 45 题：根据上方材料选择最合适的选项。
答案D
解析末段讲能源交通用AI图像检测基建、防故障，Domingos强调“坏了再修很贵”。D项“预测何处需立刻关注并指引员工前往”即预防性维护的功能说明，与“inspect…prevent…before they happen”吻合。E已用于保险，F谈客服渠道，均不接基建检测。
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