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2013考研英语一 · 完形填空
本页为 2013考研英语一 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 288 词，共 20 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2013考研英语一完形填空原文
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2__ factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3__ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. __4__, he theorised that a judge __5__ of appearing too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7__ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was __11__. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12__ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had __13__ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14__ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15__ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is __16__ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would __18__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19__ the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20__.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
1A
2B
3C
4D
5B
6D
7A
8A
9D
10C
11A
12C
13B
14C
15B
16C
17D
18D
19B
20A
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1第 1 题
答案A
解析原文说“看起来像一种优势”，该优势“赋予”人们不受干扰地作判断的能力。grants 表示“给予、赋予”，与 ability 搭配自然。submits 是“提交/屈服”，transmits 是“传送”，delivers 是“递送/发表”，均无法与 ability 构成通顺语义。
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2第 2 题
答案B
解析关键句强调判断“不受……因素干扰而偏颇”。external factors 即背景/外部信息，与前文 poor at considering background information 对应。minor 是次要，crucial 是关键，objective 是客观，均不能准确指代导致偏差的“背景信息”。
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3第 3 题
答案C
解析big picture 是固定说法，指“全局、大背景”。前文讲人们不考虑背景信息，Simonsohn 推测正是无法顾及“大局”才被日常样本带偏。issue、vision、moment 均不能构成 consider the big … 的惯用搭配。
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4第 4 题
答案D
解析后文用法官量刑的具体情形来例证前述推测，故用 For example。Above all 表最重要，On average 表平均，In principle 表原则上，都无法引出举例关系。
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5第 5 题
答案B
解析fearful of appearing too soft 表示“生怕显得对犯罪过于手软”，与后文更可能判入狱衔接。fond of 是喜爱，capable of 是能够，thoughtless of 搭配不当，语义也不符“担心形象”这一动机。
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6第 6 题
答案D
解析soft on crime 为固定搭配，意为“对犯罪手软”。in/for/to 均不能构成这一习语。
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7第 7 题
答案A
解析条件关系：若当天已连续判多人只做社区服务，法官更可能把下一人送进监狱。if 引出该假设。until、though、unless 分别表时间、让步、除非，逻辑不符。
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8第 8 题
答案A
解析to test this idea 即用招生数据来验证上述理论。emphasize、share、promote 分别是强调、分享、推动，均非实验目的。
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9第 9 题
答案D
解析理论上，申请者能否录取（success）不应取决于当天随机抽到的另外几人。decision 偏决策行为，quality、status 指素质或身份，不如 success 贴合录取结果。
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10第 10 题
答案C
解析few others chosen randomly for interview：当天随机“抽选”来面试的人。found、studied、identified 分别是发现、研究、识别，不能表示面试名单的随机抽取。
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11第 11 题
答案A
解析理论如此，但他怀疑实情“并非如此”，otherwise 即“另一回事/相反”。defensible、replaceable、exceptional 语义与“理论 vs 现实”的对照无关。
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12第 12 题
答案C
解析interviews conducted by 31 officers：由招生官“实施/进行”的面试。inspired、expressed、secured 不能与 interviews 构成“开展面试”的搭配。
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13第 13 题
答案B
解析rated applicants on a scale of one to five：按五分制给申请者“打分”。assigned 是分配，matched 是匹配，arranged 是安排，均不如 rated 准确。
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14第 14 题
答案C
解析took … into consideration 为固定短语“把……考虑进去”。put/got/gave 不能构成这一搭配。
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15第 15 题
答案B
解析分数“随后”再与 GMAT 成绩结合做录取决定，then 表时间顺序。instead、ever、rather 分别表代替、曾经、宁愿，逻辑不符。
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16第 16 题
答案C
解析GMAT is marked out of 800：满分为 800 分的“计分”方式。selected、passed、introduced 不能表示考试按总分记分。
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17第 17 题
答案D
解析the one before that 指序列中“再前一位”考生，与 previous candidate 形成连续比较。below、after、above 方向或顺序错误。
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18第 18 题
答案D
解析前一位分高 0.75 及以上，则下一位分数会 drop（下降）平均 0.075 分。jump 是上升，float、fluctuate 是浮动，与“下降”不符。
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19第 19 题
答案B
解析要 undo（抵消）这种降分影响，需额外 30 分 GMAT。achieve 是达到，maintain 是维持，disregard 是无视，都不能表示“挽回/抵消”该减分。
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20第 20 题
答案A
解析otherwise have been necessary：若无该偏差，本不必多出的 30 分，即“本来所需要的”。possible、promising、helpful 无法表达“原本必要的分数”。
本卷其他题型
2013 年英语一共 8 个题型，可逐篇对照原文与解析。
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