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2011考研英语一 · 完形填空
本页为 2011考研英语一 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 294 词，共 20 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2011考研英语一完形填空原文
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1__ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2__ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, __3__ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__ , a good laugh is unlikely to have __5__ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
__6__ , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__ . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter __8__ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help __9__ the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of __10__ feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11__ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted __12__ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry __13__ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also __14__ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15__ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16__ a pen either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17__ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __18__ more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, __19__ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
1C
2D
3B
4B
5A
6B
7A
8D
9C
10A
11B
12C
13D
14C
15B
16D
17A
18D
19A
20C
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1第 1 题
答案C
解析原文“But __ some claims to the contrary”与后文“laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness”构成让步：尽管有相反说法，笑对体能影响仍很小。despite表“尽管”，语法上可直接接名词短语。among表范围、except表排除、like表类似，均无法衔接“相反主张”与转折结论。
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2第 2 题
答案D
解析前文承认笑几乎不影响体能，本句则说笑确实会带来心脏与血管功能的短期变化。produce“产生、引起”与changes搭配最自然。reflect为反映、demand为要求、indicate为表明，都不能准确说明笑对生理功能的主动作用。
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3第 3 题
答案B
解析空格补充“changes in the function of the heart”，即心率与耗氧量如何变。后文将大笑与走路、慢跑对比，暗示短期升高而非损害。boosting“提升”贴合。stabilizing为稳定、impairing为损害、determining为决定，与“短期变化”及运动类比不符。
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4第 4 题
答案B
解析“hard laughter is difficult to __”解释为何大笑难以像步行慢跑那样带来持续健身效果：难以长时间维持。sustain“持续、维持”正确。transmit为传递、evaluate为评估、observe为观察，均不说明强度难以保持。
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5第 5 题
答案A
解析因大笑难持续，故“unlikely to have __ benefits the way walking or jogging does”，即可测量、可观的健身益处。measurable对应体能效果可量化。manageable为可管理、affordable为负担得起、renewable为可再生，与健身效益无关。
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6第 6 题
答案B
解析上段说笑几乎无健身功效，本段转而指出笑其实让肌肉放松，与运动练肌相反。In fact“事实上”起转折澄清。In turn为依次、In addition为此外、In brief为简言之，逻辑衔接弱于“其实恰恰相反”。
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7第 7 题
答案A
解析“instead of straining muscles to build them…laughter apparently accomplishes the __”明确对比：运动拉紧增肌，笑则做相反之事。opposite“相反的事”正确。impossible、average、expected无法体现与“strain to build”的对立。
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8第 8 题
答案D
解析后文“decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes”直接说明笑降低肌张力。relaxes“使放松”与decrease tone同义。hardens、tightens为绷紧，weakens偏力量减弱，不如relaxes贴合肌张力下降。
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9第 9 题
答案C
解析“help __ the effects of psychological stress”：肌肉放松或可缓和心理压力的影响。moderate“缓和、减轻”正确。aggravate为加重、generate为产生、enhance为增强，方向与“有助应对压力”相反或无关。
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10第 10 题
答案A
解析“other types of __ feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state”：身体反应作为反馈改善情绪。physical“身体的”与bodily reaction、后文肌肉表情实验一致。mental、subconscious、internal不如physical点明“身体—情绪”回路。
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11第 11 题
答案B
解析“__ one classical theory of emotion”引出理论依据，应用According to“根据”。Except for为除了、Due to表原因、As for为至于，都不能用来引出理论观点。
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12第 12 题
答案C
解析be rooted in为固定搭配，表示“植根于、源于”。原文“feelings are partially rooted __ physical reactions”。with、on、at均不能与rooted构成此义。
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13第 13 题
答案D
解析“humans do not cry __ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow”否定“因悲伤而哭”，主张先有眼泪后有悲伤。because符合被否定的因果。unless、until、if无法构成“不是因为…而是…”的经典对照。
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14第 14 题
答案C
解析“Although sadness also __ tears”让步：悲伤也会在流泪之前出现，但证据仍显示情绪可源于肌肉反应。precedes“先于”正确。exhausts、follows、suppresses与“先有生理后有情绪”的讨论方向不符。
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15第 15 题
答案B
解析“emotions can flow __ muscular responses”即情绪可来自肌肉反应。from表示来源。into、towards、beyond不能表达“由肌肉反应流出/产生”。
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16第 16 题
答案D
解析实验要求志愿者“__ a pen either with their teeth or with their lips”，即用牙或唇叼住笔以做出表情。hold“含住、固定”最贴切。fetch、bite、pick不能准确描述持续叼笔以塑造口型。
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17第 17 题
答案A
解析用嘴唇含笔会拉出口角向下的表情，与teeth造成的假笑相对，故为disappointed“失望的、不快的”表情，即皱眉类。excited、joyful与假笑同向，indifferent不刻画口型。
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18第 18 题
答案D
解析“__ more enthusiastically to funny cartoons”：被迫用微笑肌的人对漫画反应更热烈。reacted to为固定搭配。adapted、catered、turned不能与to funny cartoons构成“对…作出反应”。
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19第 19 题
答案A
解析实验结果用来“__ that expressions may influence emotions”，即表明表情可影响情绪。suggesting“表明、暗示”正确。requiring、mentioning、supposing不能作实验结论的逻辑动词。
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20第 20 题
答案C
解析实验证明表情可影响情绪，故“__ the physical act of laughter could improve mood”，即同样地，笑的动作也能改善心情。Similarly表类推。Eventually、Consequently、Conversely分别表最终、因果、相反，不如类比贴切。
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