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2026考研英语一 · 翻译
本页为 2026考研英语一 翻译的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 441 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2026考研英语一翻译原文
Section II Reading Comprehension / Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Science education today revolves around the idea of scientific literacy—the base-level knowledge about science that nonscientists require to effectively get on in the world. This concept has served as a central goal for curriculum developers, local school boards, business and community leaders, and policymakers ever since its introduction nearly 80 years ago.
(46) Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education. And that’s a shame, because there is much to recommend in the idea of scientific literacy as it was originally articulated in 1945, a time when science appeared to be the key to progress and scientists seemingly held the fate of the world in their hands. (47) A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
In the United States, the desire to provide the public with a general, nontechnical education in science originated as far back as the late 1800s. (48) Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills. The development in 1915 of the popular new subject “general science” was another effort to train students to apply the principles of science to everyday, nonscience problems.
Although these efforts were aimed at the nonscience-bound student, they never really made their way into mainstream thought and public discourse as a means to rally widespread support for the importance of science teaching in schools. (49) It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
(50) The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers. As the war unfolded, science rapidly assumed a central role. Battles increasingly depended on new military technologies such as radar and the proximity fuze. Science-based analytical approaches proved remarkably successful in the hunt for German submarines in the Atlantic Ocean. And there was the (then-secret) work building the world’s first atomic bomb. As a result, scientists—physicists in particular—found themselves in high demand.
参考译文与得分要点
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46Translate segment (46): Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.
参考译文追溯这一术语的历史，我们可以看出科学素养的定义如何随时间推移而发生变化，从而在确定科学教育目标时使局面变得模糊不清。
解析先抓主干 we can see how...，Tracing... 为现在分词状语表伴随。how 引导宾语从句；muddying the waters 为结果状语，when it comes to 引出确定目标的场合。难词：scientific literacy 宜译“科学素养”；muddying the waters 勿直译成搅浑水，可作“使局面变得模糊不清”。技巧：分词状语前置、结果分词译成“从而……”。失分点：漏译 over time、把 muddying 误作独立句或漏掉 when it comes to 的限定。
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47Translate segment (47): A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
参考译文回归那种更侧重于教授科学是什么、科学如何运作，而较少强调死记硬背科学事实的科学素养理念，似乎正是当今社会迫切需要的。
解析主干 A return... seems like something...。which 非限定从句修饰 that version，内部 more... less... 对比。难词：version 宜译“那种……理念/版本”；desperately needs 作“迫切需要”。技巧：长定语拆开后置或嵌入“更侧重……而较少……的”；what science is and how it works 译成并列“科学是什么、如何运作”。失分点：漏 less on memorizing、把 facts 译成“真相”、seem like something 译得生硬冗长。
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48Translate segment (48): Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills.
参考译文教育工作者提出让高中生完成细致的实验室练习这一想法，他们相信此类工作的主要益处在于增强逻辑推理能力和观察技能。
解析主干 Educators advanced the idea of having students...。of having... 为 idea 的同位内容；in the belief that 表原因。难词：advanced the idea 作“提出……想法”；detailed laboratory exercises 译“细致的实验室练习”。技巧：in the belief that 转译为“他们相信……”；primarily as a way to 压缩为“主要益处在于”。失分点：漏 high schools 的“高中”、beneficial primarily 层次不清、observational skills 译成“观测科学”。
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49Translate segment (49): It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
参考译文直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”这一短语出现，科学才拥有了它所需要的有力口号，从而引起公众关注，并使改进科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。
解析强调句 It wasn’t until... that...，until 时间点后才出现结果。formidable slogan 修饰 it needed；and 连接 command... 与 make...。难词：came along 作“出现”；formidable 译“有力/强大”；command public attention 作“引起公众关注”。技巧：until 句型译“直到……才……”；后半用“从而”衔接两个目的。失分点：漏 1940s 年代、把 slogan 译成广告语、make improving... 不定式复合结构译残。
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50Translate segment (50): The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.
参考译文美国对科学素养的强烈关注，最初源于第二次世界大战期间科学技术所起的关键作用，以及人们所认为的美国士兵的不足。
解析主干 The intense focus... grew out of A as well as B。grew out of 表来源；perceived deficiencies 为过去分词修饰。难词：intense focus 作“强烈关注”；grew out of 译“源于”；perceived 增译“人们所认为的”。技巧：被动意味转主动叙述；as well as 对等并列，勿漏士兵不足这一支。失分点：World War II 漏“第二”、critical role 译成批评、deficiencies 误作缺陷疾病。
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