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2023考研英语一 · 完形填空
本页为 2023考研英语一 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 279 词，共 20 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2023考研英语一完形填空原文
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1__ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments or __2__. The word “caravanserai” is a __3__ of the Persian words “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and “saray”, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims. From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the __6__ of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time. Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, these structures became important centres for cultural __12__ and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ taking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilisations. Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
1C
2A
3D
4C
5C
6A
7B
8B
9A
10D
11D
12C
13C
14B
15A
16B
17D
18A
19D
20A
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1第 1 题
答案C
解析原文写客栈“typically __1__ outside the walls of a city or village”，强调其地理位置在城墙或村落之外。located 表示“坐落、位于”，与地点状语搭配最贴切。displayed 侧重展示陈列，occupied 指占据使用，equipped 指配备设施，三者都不直接说明建筑物的选址位置，故排除。正确项把路边客栈的空间布局交代清楚，后文政府出资、商旅歇脚都建立在这一位置前提上。
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2第 2 题
答案A
解析后半句“usually funded by local governments or __2__”需要与政府相对的出资方式。privately 作副词修饰资助行为，表示民间或私人出资，与官方形成对照。regularly 讲频率，respectively 讲分别对应，permanently 讲永久，均无法说明资金来源的公私属性。选 privately 后，句子语义完整：客栈多由官府或私人资助修建，符合古代丝绸之路公共设施的常见筹资模式。
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3第 3 题
答案D
解析词源句指出 caravanserai 是波斯语 karvan 与 saray 的 __3__。combination 意为组合、合成，正好对应两个词拼成一个新词。definition 是定义，transition 是过渡，substitution 是替代，都不能描述构词关系。正确项点明该术语由“商队”加“宫殿/围屋”拼合而来，后文对商队、朝圣者的解释也由此词源展开。
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4第 4 题
答案C
解析“The term caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together”需要“称呼、描述”这类动词。describe 表示用该词来描述结伴而行的人群。classify 是分类，record 是记录，connect 是连接，与“用来指称”的用法不符。选 describe 后，caravan 作为对商旅、朝圣者集体的称谓便顺理成章。
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5第 5 题
答案C
解析破折号后列举“merchants, travellers or pilgrims”，是对前面 groups 的举例。such as 专门用于举例。apart from 表示除了，instead of 表示代替，along with 表示连同，都不能引出典型成员。正确项把商队成员具体化，与前文“为安全结伴而行”的内容衔接。
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6第 6 题
答案A
解析“as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the __6__ of caravanserais increased”讲路线发展后客栈数量上升，construction 指建造、兴建，数量增加即新建增多。restoration 是修复，impression 是印象，evaluation 是评估，都不表示数量因修建而增长。选 construction 符合十世纪以后商路繁荣、客栈随之兴建的历史背景。
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7第 7 题
答案B
解析商旅“__7__ the possibility of being attacked by thieves”，面临被盗风险。faced 表示面对、遭遇可能性。doubted 是怀疑，accepted 是接受，reduced 是减少，均改变原意。正确项点出旅途危险，从而引出客栈作为夜间安全落脚点的功能。
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8第 8 题
答案B
解析“being __8__ to extreme weather conditions”需“遭受、受到”之意。subjected to 为固定搭配，表示使遭受恶劣天气。assigned 是指派，accustomed 是习惯，opposed 是反对，搭配和语义都不对。选 subjected 后，盗匪与极端气候并列为两大威胁，解释了为何要建客栈。
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9第 9 题
答案A
解析客栈“strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time”，目的是一天路程内可达。so that 引导目的状语。even if 是即使，now that 是既然，in case 是以防，都不能表达“以便到达”的意图。正确项说明布局的策略性：间距按一日行程设计，保障商旅傍晚前抵达。
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10第 10 题
答案D
解析客栈是“informal __ point for the various people”，即往来客商非正式的聚会、碰头地点，meeting point 为固定搭配，故 D 成立。A talking 虽可指话题，但不构成“地点”语义；B starting、C breaking 均不通。
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11第 11 题
答案D
解析前句说客栈是各类商旅的汇聚点，__11__ 这些建筑成为文化交流中心。As a result 表示结果。By the way 是顺便，On occasion 是偶尔，In comparison 是相比，都不表因果。选 As a result 把“汇聚人群”与“成为文化中心”连接起来，逻辑连贯。
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12第 12 题
答案C
解析“centres for cultural __12__ and interaction”，与 interaction 并列的应是交流。exchange 指文化交流、互换。heritage 是遗产，revival 是复兴，status 是地位，都不能与 interaction 并列表示互动过程。正确项点明客栈促进文化互鉴。
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13第 13 题
答案C
解析“sharing their cultures... __13__ taking knowledge with them”，分享的同时还带走知识。as well as 表示“以及、同时还”。with regard to 关于，in spite of 尽管，in line with 符合，都不表并列递进。选 as well as 把“分享”与“带走”连成完整的双向流动。
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14第 14 题
答案B
解析知识传播“greatly __14__ the development of several civilisations”。influencing 表示影响、推动发展。completing 是完成，resuming 是恢复，pioneering 是开创，程度或方向不符。正确项说明客栈间接塑造了沿线多种文明。
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15第 15 题
答案A
解析客栈“important marketplace... and __15__ in the trade of goods”，对贸易起帮助作用。aided 表示援助、促进。invested 投资，failed 失败，competed 竞争，都不能说明市场功能。选 aided 后，客栈既是落脚点也是商品集散地。
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16第 16 题
答案B
解析前句已说是重要市场，__16__ 常常是商人第一站。Indeed 表示进一步确认、强调。Rather 是相反，Otherwise 否则，However 然而，都表转折，与递进不符。选 Indeed 加强“首站售货补货”的论述。
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17第 17 题
答案D
解析商人“sell their wares and __ supplies for their own journeys”，即出售货物并为自己行程“补给”物资，stock up on supplies 为固定搭配，故 D 成立。A go in for（从事）、B stand up for（支持）、C close in on（逼近）均不合。
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18第 18 题
答案A
解析“It is __ that around 12,000 to 15,000... were built” 是对历史数量的表述，It is believed that（据信）最标准，故 A 成立。B predicted 用于未来，C recalled（回忆）、D implied（暗含）语义不通。
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19第 19 题
答案D
解析建成一两万座，__ 如今仅约三千座已知留存，前后转折让步，故 D although（尽管）成立。A until（直到）、B because（因为）、C unless（除非）均不合逻辑。
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20第 20 题
答案A
解析现存许多“are in __”，in ruins（沦为废墟）为固定搭配，故 A 成立。B debt、C fashion、D series 均不合。
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