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2022考研英语一 · 完形填空
本页为 2022考研英语一 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 279 词，共 20 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2022考研英语一完形填空原文
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was __1__ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be __2__ to intelligence in animals. __3__ plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that __4__ consciousness, researchers previously reported. But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it __5__ so greatly from that of animals that so-called __6__ of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote. Beginning in 2006, some scientists have __7__ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, __8__ “a plant nervous system, __9__ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz. “They __10__ claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.” This __11__ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, __12__ it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. __13__, the signaling in a plant is only __14__ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said. “For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold __15__ of complexity and capacity is required,” he __16__. “Since plants don't have nervous systems, the __17__ that they have consciousness are effectively zero.” And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from __18__, so investing energy in a body system which __19__ a threat and can feel pain would be a very __20__ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
1A
2C
3D
4C
5D
6B
7C
8B
9A
10D
11C
12B
13A
14C
15B
16D
17A
18A
19D
20B
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1第 1 题
答案A
解析答案依据是“the term ‘plant neurobiology’ was __1__ around the notion”。术语首次提出并固定下来，用coined表示“创造、杜撰新词”，与around the notion搭配自然。discovered侧重发现已有事物，collected是收集，issued多指颁布文件，均无法描述新术语的诞生，故A成立。
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2第 2 题
答案C
解析答案依据是“some aspects of plant behavior could be __2__ to intelligence in animals”。植物行为被拿来与动物智力对照，compared to为固定比较结构。attributed to是归因，directed to是指向，confined to是局限于，语义均偏离“对照比较”，故C正确。
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3第 3 题
答案D
解析答案依据是“__3__ plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals…nonetheless triggered”。前后为让步关系：虽无大脑，电信号仍引发反应，Though最贴切。Unless表条件，When表时间，Once表一旦，都不能引出nonetheless的转折，故D成立。
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4第 4 题
答案C
解析答案依据是“triggered responses that __4__ consciousness”。电信号反应被研究者视为暗示意识存在，hinted at表示“暗示、间接表明”。coped with是应付，consisted of是由…组成，extended to是延伸至，均无法表达“指向意识”的含义，故C正确。
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5第 5 题
答案D
解析答案依据是“it __5__ so greatly from that of animals”。植物生物学与动物差异巨大，differs from为标准搭配。suffers from是遭受，benefits from是受益，develops from是发展自，语义不符“差异之大”，故D成立。
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6第 6 题
答案B
解析答案依据是“so-called __6__ of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive”。所谓植物智力的证据并不确凿，evidence与inconclusive形成逻辑呼应。acceptance是接受，cultivation是培育，creation是创造，都不能被inconclusive修饰，故B正确。
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7第 7 题
答案C
解析答案依据是“some scientists have __7__ that plants possess neuron-like cells”。科学家提出并主张植物有类神经元细胞，argued that表示“主张、论证”。doubted是怀疑，denied是否认，requested是请求，与后文claim方向相反，故C成立。
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8第 8 题
答案B
解析答案依据是“interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, __8__ ‘a plant nervous system’”。相互作用的结果是形成植物神经系统，forming表示“构成、形成”。adapting是适应，repairing是修复，testing是测试，无法说明系统由此产生，故B正确。
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9第 9 题
答案A
解析答案依据是“a plant nervous system, __9__ to that in animals”。该系统被类比为动物神经系统，analogous to表示“类似的”。essential to是必不可少，suitable to是适合，sensitive to是敏感，均不表类比，故A成立。
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10第 10 题
答案D
解析答案依据是“They __10__ claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’”。在已主张神经系统之后进一步宣称有类脑中枢，even表示递进强调。just是仅仅，ever是曾经，still是仍然，递进语气弱于even，故D正确。
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11第 11 题
答案C
解析答案依据是“This __11__ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain”。把复杂大脑简化后该看法才说得通，perspective指“视角、看法”。restriction是限制，experiment是实验，demand是要求，都不能“makes sense”，故C成立。
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12第 12 题
答案B
解析答案依据是“simplify the workings…__12__ it to an array of electrical pulses”。简化即把大脑运作还原为电脉冲阵列，reducing…to表示“简化为、归结为”。attaching是附加，returning是返回，exposing是暴露，无法表达简化过程，故B正确。
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13第 13 题
答案A
解析答案依据是前句说简化后看似合理，后句指出植物信号其实不同，构成转折，However最合适。Moreover表递进，Therefore表因果，Otherwise表否则，均破坏对比逻辑，故A成立。
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14第 14 题
答案C
解析答案依据是“the signaling in a plant is only __14__ similar to the firing”。植物信号仅表面相似，superficially表示“表面上、肤浅地”。temporarily是暂时，literally是字面上，imaginarily是想象中，均不如superficially准确刻画“看似而非实质”，故C正确。
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15第 15 题
答案B
解析答案依据是“a brain with a threshold __15__ of complexity and capacity is required”。意识进化需要达到复杂与容量的门槛水平，level of complexity为惯用搭配。list是清单，label是标签，load是负荷，不能与threshold、complexity连用，故B成立。
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16第 16 题
答案D
解析答案依据是前文已引用Taiz观点，此处继续补充“For consciousness to evolve…”，added表示“补充说道”。recalled是回忆，agreed是同意，questioned是质疑，与连续引述语气不符，故D正确。
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17第 17 题
答案A
解析答案依据是“the __17__ that they have consciousness are effectively zero”。植物无神经系统，拥有意识的可能性为零，chances表示“可能性”。risks是风险，excuses是借口，assumptions是假设，都不能被effectively zero直接量化，故A成立。
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18第 18 题
答案A
解析句内 so 提示因果：Plants can't run away from danger，故投入能量去建立“识别威胁、感知疼痛”的身体系统是很差的进化策略。danger 与前文 threat 语义一致，故 A 成立。B failure（失败）、C warning（警告）、D control（控制）均不与 run away from 构成“逃离危险”之意。
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19第 19 题
答案D
解析答案依据是“a body system which __19__ a threat and can feel pain”。该系统能识别威胁并感知疼痛，recognizes a threat表示“识别威胁”。represents是代表，includes是包含，reveals是揭示，均不能准确描述感知功能，故D成立。
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20第 20 题
答案B
解析答案依据是“would be a very __20__ evolutionary strategy”。为无法逃离的植物投入痛感系统浪费能量，属于糟糕的进化策略，poor表示“拙劣的、不划算的”。humble是谦卑，practical是实用，easy是容易，均无法体现“浪费而不利”，故B正确。
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