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本页为 2018考研英语一 完形填空的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析(原文约 272 词,共 20 题)。建议先自己作答,再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __1__ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your __2__ in the wrong place often carries a high __3__.
__4__, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. __5__ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that __6__ pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to __7__ with one another. Scientists have found that exposure __8__ this hormone puts us in a trusting __9__: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their __10__ who inhaled something else.
__11__ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may __12__ us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate __13__ a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each __14__ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look __15__. Half of them found a toy; the other half __16__ the container was empty – and realized the tester had __17__ them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were __18__ to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. __19__, only five of the 30 children paired with the “__20__” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
1第 1 题
答案C
解析原文说信任是许多有价值之事的必要前提,空格后接 child care, friendships 等。condition for 表示“……的条件”,与 worthwhile things 搭配最贴切。A 项 on 不构成该结构;B 项 like 表举例会与后文冒号列举重复;D 项 from 表来源,语义不符。故选 C。
2第 2 题
答案A
解析前文讲信任重要,后文讲“放错地方代价高”。put one’s faith in 为固定搭配,意为把信任寄托于某处,与 trust 主题一致。concern 是关切,attention 是注意力,interest 是兴趣,均不能与 in the wrong place 构成“误信”之义。故选 A。
3第 3 题
答案D
解析“把信任放错地方往往要付出很高的……”与 high 搭配且表代价的是 price。benefit 是好处,与“错误信任”相反;debt 是债务;hope 是希望,语义均不通。故选 D。
4第 4 题
答案B
解析上段指出信任既必要又危险,本段追问“那我们为何还要信任”。Then 表承上追问,语气自然。Therefore 表因果过强;Instead 表转折对立;Again 表重复,均不符语篇推进。故选 B。
5第 5 题
答案D
解析“人们把信任寄托于某人或机构时,大脑会释放催产素”,时间状语用 When。Until 表直到;Unless 表除非;Although 表让步,都不能引出随后的生理反应。故选 D。
6第 6 题
答案B
解析催产素“产生愉悦感”,produces 与 feelings 搭配准确。selects 是选择;applies 是应用;maintains 是维持,均不能说明激素如何带来快感。故选 B。
7第 7 题
答案C
解析herding instinct 促使人彼此联结,connect with one another 符合群居本能。consult 是咨询;compete 是竞争;compare 是比较,与“聚群”相反或无关。故选 C。
8第 8 题
答案D
解析exposure to 为固定搭配,表示接触、暴露于某种物质。at/by/of 均不能与 exposure 构成此义。故选 D。
9第 9 题
答案B
解析接触该激素使人进入信任的“状态/心情”,mood 贴合。context 是语境;period 是时期;circle 是圈子,都不能描述当下心理状态。故选 B。
10第 10 题
答案A
解析实验中一半吸入催产素,另一半吸入别的东西,后者是对照的“对应组”,counterparts。substitutes 是替代品;colleagues 是同事;supporters 是支持者,均非实验对照用语。故选 A。
11第 11 题
答案B
解析前文说误信代价高,接着说我们还有识破欺骗的直觉,“对我们而言是幸运的”,Lucky for us。Funny/Odd/Ironic 带戏谑或讽刺,与保护性第六感的积极口吻不符。故选 B。
12第 12 题
答案B
解析识破不诚实的第六感可以“保护”我们,protect us。monitor 是监控;surprise/delight 是使惊讶/高兴,都不能说明该能力的功能。故选 B。
13第 13 题
答案A
解析differentiate between A and B 为固定用法,区分可信者与不诚实者。within/toward/over 均不能构成“在两者之间辨别”。故选 A。
14第 14 题
答案C
解析幼儿被“介绍给/带到”拿着塑料盒的成人测试者面前,introduced to。transferred 是转移;added 是添加;entrusted 是委托,语义或搭配均不妥。故选 C。
15第 15 题
答案D
解析测试者先看盒子,再邀请孩子 look inside(往里看)。look out/back/around 分别是向外、回头、环顾,与打开容器察看内容不符。故选 D。
16第 16 题
答案A
解析另一半孩子“发现”盒子是空的,discovered 表发现事实。proved 是证明;insisted 是坚持;remembered 是记得,都不能描述当场看见空盒。故选 A。
17第 17 题
答案C
解析空盒让孩子意识到测试者“骗了”他们,fooled。betrayed 程度过重;wronged 是冤枉;mocked 是嘲弄,均不如 fooled 贴合实验中的哄骗。故选 C。
18第 18 题
答案B
解析未被骗的孩子大多数“愿意”配合学习新技能,willing to cooperate。forced 是被迫;hesitant 是犹豫;entitled 是有资格,与“多数合作、体现信任”相反或无关。故选 B。
19第 19 题
答案A
解析未被骗者大多合作,被骗组仅五人参与后续活动,语义对比,用 In contrast。As a result 表因果;On the whole 表总体;For instance 表举例,均不能标示两组对照。故选 A。
20第 20 题
答案C
解析与“不可靠”测试者配对的孩子很少再合作,unreliable 对应前文 dishonest/tricked。inflexible 是死板;incapable 是无能;unsuitable 是不合适,均未点出欺骗导致的信任破裂。故选 C。
2018 年英语一共 8 个题型,可逐篇对照原文与解析。
把同一题型的历年原文放在一起看,更容易发现命题规律。
直接读原文和答案收益很低,先限时做完 5 道题,再回来看解析里的原文定位。
每道错题标一类原因:词汇没认出、定位错段、长难句读断、逻辑关系看反、粗心。
只把真正卡住理解的词收进生词本,配本页原句回看,别整篇抄词。