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2010考研英语一 · 翻译
本页为 2010考研英语一 翻译的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 415 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2010考研英语一翻译原文
Section II Reading Comprehension / Part C
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.
Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
参考译文与得分要点
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46请翻译第 46 处划线句。
参考译文科学家们急忙赶来挽救，提出了一些显然站不住脚的证据，大意是：如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫就会把我们吃光。
解析主干是 Scientists jumped to the rescue，with 短语修饰救援方式。to the effect that 引出同位语从句，if 条件从句嵌套其中。jumped to the rescue 宜译为“急忙赶来挽救”，shaky evidence 作“站不住脚的证据”，eat us up 用“把我们吃光”保留口语色彩。技巧上把被动意味的证据说明转成主动陈述，定语后置。失分点：漏译 distinctly、把 to the effect that 译成“目的是”、条件从句时态错乱。
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47请翻译第 47 处划线句。
参考译文但我们至少已更接近于承认：无论鸟类对我们有无经济价值，它们都有作为固有权利继续生存下去的资格。
解析but 连接让步转折，drawn nearer the point of admitting 后接 that 从句。regardless of 处理为“无论……有无”。intrinsic right 译“固有权利/内在权利”，continue 增补“生存下去”使语义完整。技巧：抽象名词具体化、介词短语前置。常见漏译 presence or absence、把 admitting 译成“允许”、economic advantage 直译成“经济优势”而不对应“经济价值”。
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48请翻译第 48 处划线句。
参考译文曾经有段时间，生物学家们多少有些过度使用这样的证据：这些动物通过捕杀体弱者来维持猎物的健康，或者说它们只捕食“没有价值”的物种。
解析Time was when 套用“曾经有段时间”。overworked the evidence 译“过度使用/过分强调证据”，后接 that 同位语，or 连接两个并列解释。physically weak 作“体弱者”，worthless 加引号保留原文态度。技巧：时间状语前置、定语从句拆成短句。易错：漏 somewhat、把 game 误译为“游戏”、prey only on 漏“只”。
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49请翻译第 49 处划线句。
参考译文在欧洲，林业在生态上更为先进，非商业性树种被看作是当地森林群落的成员，并在合理范围内作为这样的成员加以保护。
解析where 非限定从句说明欧洲林业，主干 the noncommercial tree species are recognized as…, to be preserved as such 表目的/结果。within reason 译“在合理范围内”。as such 回指“作为群落成员”。技巧：被动转“被看作”，地点状语提前。失分：漏 ecologically、把 native forest community 译成“自然森林”、as such 漏译导致指代不清。
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50请翻译第 50 处划线句。
参考译文它往往忽视陆地群落中许多缺乏商业价值、但对群落的健康运行必不可少的组成部分，从而最终导致这些成分被消灭。
解析It 指代纯经济保护体系。tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate 两个不定式表递进。两个 that 定语分别修饰 elements。lack commercial value 与 essential to its healthy functioning 对比译出。技巧：拆分长定语、thus 译“从而最终”。易漏 land community、把 functioning 译成“功能”而不说“运行”、忽略 but 的转折层次。
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