现在分词:作状语与作定语
这一讲解决-ing结构在长难句里的身份判定问题。真题里,-ing要么在句首句尾作状语(如depending on),要么在名词后作定语,或者跟介词作宾语。读这种句子,第一步必须找准-ing的逻辑主语是谁,第二步判断它和主句是主动还是被动关系,否则整句意思必然读反。
怎么读
句尾-ing作状语找主语
S6中depending on the situation在句尾作状语,它不是修饰前面的messages,而是修饰整个主句事件(eye contact can signal...)。读的时候,把depending on当作“这取决于”独立出来,别把它和前面的名词绑死,否则逻辑全乱。
句首-ing作主语往下找谓语
S3句首两个knowing...并列作主语,中间用and连接,谓语动词allow被隔得很远。断句时,看到-ing打头且没有逗号隔开主句,直接往下找复数谓语,这里就是allow,千万别把is当成谓语。
介词后的-ing当宾语拆
S2中exploring和going都是介词宾语,S4中getting等四个-ing是including的宾语。遇到介词+ing,把整个-ing短语当名词看,作从句主语(S2的exploring... is)或宾语,内部再单独翻译,不要和介词拆开。
后置定语辨-ing与-ed
S5没有-ing,但shared by是-ed作后置定语修饰content,表被动和完成。如果换成-ing(如sharing),则表主动和进行。看到名词后跟动词非谓语,先看是-ing还是-ed决定主被动,这是定语判断的铁律。
真题例句拆解
以下句子全部取自本站 2010-2026 年英语一、英语二真题原文,未做改写;主干摘取与翻译为本站整理。
Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.
主干Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre...
失去工作令人受伤:你不会心里哼着歌蹦蹦跳跳地去就业中心,对慷慨的国家让你收入翻倍的前景感到高兴。
看点Losing a job作主语,doubling作介词of宾语,delighted作状语修饰you。
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.
主干They should start by discarding argument that exploring... is similar to going...
他们应该首先抛弃加州那个蹩脚的论点,即探索智能手机的内容——一个庞大的数字信息库——类似于,比如说,翻查嫌疑人的钱包。
看点exploring和going作介词宾语,exploring同时是that从句的主语。
As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
主干As you will come to see, knowing... and knowing... allow us to slow down... and live...
正如你将会看到的,知道心理健康总是触手可及,并且知道去信任它,这让我们能够慢下来活在当下,快乐地生活。
看点两个knowing并列作主语,allow是谓语,体现-ing作主语的核心考点。
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.
主干Americans continue to prize milestones, including getting..., having..., owning..., and retiring...
跨越代际,美国人继续看重成功生活的许多相同传统里程碑,包括结婚、生子、买房和在六十多岁退休。
看点getting, having, owning, retiring四个-ing并列作介词including的宾语。
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
主干nearly a quarter of web content shared... was fake news...
根据牛津大学的说法,在2016年总统竞选期间,由政治关键州密歇根州的推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是假新闻。
看点shared by作后置定语修饰content,是过去分词,与现在分词作定语表主动形成对比。
With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation.
主干Julia Minson concluded that eye contact can signal messages, depending on the situation.
借助眼动追踪技术,哈佛肯尼迪政府学院的朱莉娅·明森得出结论:眼神交流可以传递非常不同种类的信息,这取决于具体情况。
看点depending on the situation作状语,修饰主句或that从句核心事件,体现-ing作状语。
常见陷阱
- 把句尾作状语的-ing误当成前面名词的定语,如S6把depending当成修饰messages。
- 看到句首-ing就以为是状语,没发现S3的knowing其实是主语,导致找错谓语。
- S5的shared by修饰content,容易误以为是谓语动词,忽略了前面的was。
做题检查清单
- 遇到-ing先看位置:句首、句尾还是名词后?
- 句首-ing有无逗号?无逗号多作主语,往下找谓语。
- 句尾-ing往前找逻辑主语,判断是修饰动词还是整句。
- 名词后的-ing/-ed定语,翻译时加“的”,并判定主被动。
继续看
配套练习
读懂句子只是第一步。到站内做整卷真题时,可以直接选中正文里的词或短语查释义与语块,做完自动判分、错题与生词自动沉淀。