不定式:作主语、定语、状语
这一讲解决to do作主语、定语、状语的识别与断句。真题里to do一出现,很多人就晕,不知道它修饰谁、管到哪。核心就一招:往前找修饰对象,往后看它的宾语在哪,边界就出来了。
怎么读
找定语:往前贴名词
to do紧跟名词就是定语,给它打补丁。如句2的ability to think,句6的opportunity to talk。翻译时先翻to do再翻名词。找边界往后看,句6中to talk管到produce,中间的support和pick up是并列不定式,别当成主句谓语。
找状语:看修饰谁
to do作状语往往修饰整句或形容词。句2的in order to solve修饰前面整句表目的;句5的were quick to turn,形容词+to do修饰主语,表产生这种状态的原因或方面。断句时把to do及其宾语打包切出。
找宾补与宾语
to do跟在特定动词后作宾补或宾语。句1的allow labels to react,to react补全宾语意思;句3的want to talk,句4的trying to imagine,to do作宾语。找边界只看它自己的宾语在哪,如句4的to imagine管到through结束。
真题例句拆解
以下句子全部取自本站 2010-2026 年英语一、英语二真题原文,未做改写;主干摘取与翻译为本站整理。
In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.
主干advances have allowed labels to react and anticipate
在过去十年左右,技术的进步使得大众市场品牌如Zara、H&M和优衣库能够更快速地对趋势做出反应,并更准确地预测需求。
看点allow sb to do结构,to react作宾补,与anticipate并列,省略to,管到precisely结束。
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.
主干Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with memory and the ability to think in order to solve problems
流体智力是一种与短期记忆以及为了解决新问题而快速、合乎逻辑且抽象地思考的能力有关的智力。
看点to think作定语修饰ability;in order to solve作目的状语,修饰前面整句的思考动作。
The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.
主干The researchers argued that when we shy away from interactions, it is due to an anxiety that they might not want to talk
研究人员还认为,当我们回避与陌生人的随意互动时,这通常是因为一种错位的焦虑,即他们可能不想和我们说话。
看点to talk作want的宾语,嵌套在anxiety的同位语从句中,找边界只看talk后无宾语,到us结束。
She added “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process] where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.
主干She added the understanding was evident and it is related to the process where you are used to trying to imagine your way
她补充道:“情感上的理解非常明显,这可能与排练室过程有关,在这个过程中你习惯于试图想象出你的方式。”
看点to imagine作trying的宾语,注意前面be used to trying中to是介词,不是不定式,别断错。
But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.
主干companies prospered and men were quick to turn to these theaters
但是专业公司在它们的常驻剧院里繁荣起来,而有文学抱负的大学人很快就转向这些剧院,将其作为提供生计的手段。
看点to turn作状语,修饰前面的形容词quick(be quick to do),说明产生这种状态的原因或方面。
They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce — all at the same time.
主干They provide an opportunity to talk, support and pick up produce
它们还提供了一个机会,与负责种植或饲养你食物的人交谈,支持当地经济并挑选新鲜时令农产品——所有这些同时进行。
看点to talk作定语修饰opportunity,与support, pick up并列,省略to,管到produce结束,别把support当成主句谓语。
常见陷阱
- 把作定语的to do当成谓语动词。如句6的opportunity to talk,别把talk当主句谓语。
- 介词to和不定式to搞混。句4的be used to trying,to是介词,不是不定式符号。
- and并列的to do省略to。句1的to react and anticipate,别漏看并列的动词。
做题检查清单
- 遇到to do,立刻往前看:前面是名词?动词?形容词?
- 往后找to do的宾语或介词宾语,划出它的管辖范围。
- 检查and/or,确认是否有并列的省略to的不定式。
继续看
配套练习
读懂句子只是第一步。到站内做整卷真题时,可以直接选中正文里的词或短语查释义与语块,做完自动判分、错题与生词自动沉淀。