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2014考研英语一 · 阅读理解 Text 2
本页为 2014考研英语一 阅读理解 Text 2的完整原文、正确答案与逐题解析（原文约 420 词，共 5 题）。建议先自己作答，再逐题核对解析里的原文定位与干扰项说明。
2014考研英语一阅读理解 Text 2 原文
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession – with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.
答案与逐题解析
答案速查
26D
27D
28A
29B
30B
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26A lot of students take up law as their profession due to ______.
答案D
解析原文指出“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools”，即顶尖律师赚大钱，吸引更多学生涌入法学院。正确项D对应“金钱回报的吸引力”。A无依据，文中未说客户需求增长导致从法；B把“inflation”误接到职业选择；C只是部分毕业生的去向，并非入学动机。
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27Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?
答案D
解析文中写明多数州成为律师的路径是“a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree”，先修不相关本科再读三年法学，拉长学制、加重债务。正确项D即须先修另一专业学士学位。A未强调本科学费更高；B、C把“ABA授权法学院/备考律师资格”误当成额外培训或入学审批，并非成本叠加的核心。
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28Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from ______.
答案A
解析改革段说“Sensible ideas have been around… but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them”，州级管理机构过于保守、不肯落实。正确项A对应“僵化的行业治理机构”。B与“help both lawyers and their customers”不符；C把律师资格考试本身当成障碍；D无“非专业人士尖锐批评”的表述。
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29The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it ______.
答案B
解析原文：“Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.”非律师不得持股，故称所有权结构restrictive。正确项B即禁止局外人介入。A与“keeps fees high”相反；C把反对者的伦理说辞当成作者观点；D颠倒对象，限制的是非律师持股，非法师持股。
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30In this text, the author mainly discusses ______.
答案B
解析全文先写美国法律服务费用畸高、法学院债务与滥诉，再分析教育路径过长与行会式所有权，并提出缩短学制、允许非律师持股等改革。正确项B概括“问题+对策”。A未谈成功律师要素；C只覆盖教育路径局部；D只及所有权，忽略教育成本与全文主线。
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