2024 考研英语二 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 4

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online.

主干主语:it(形式主语);谓语:is not always clear;真正主语:how 引导的从句

结构While 引导让步状语从句。主句用 it is not clear + how 宾语从句。how 从句中 the personal information 是主语,we input 为省略关系代词的定语从句修饰 information;谓语是并列的 is collected, safeguarded and shared,被动结构强调信息被如何处理。

译文尽管这些应用能提供不少便利,我们输入的个人信息究竟如何被收集、保护和在网上共享,却往往并不清楚。

考点while 表让步而非时间 · how 从句作真正主语,it 为形式主语

2Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated.

主干主语:companies;谓语:may share (and monetize);宾语:personal health information

结构句首 Without...in place 为介词短语作条件状语。括号内 and potentially monetize 为插入的并列谓语。in a way 后接省略关系词 that/in which 的定语从句,修饰 way;从句中 authorized or anticipated 为并列谓语,完成时强调事先未授权或未料到。

译文若没有额外保护措施,公司就可能以消费者未必授权或预料到的方式分享(甚至变现)个人健康信息。

考点without 短语表条件 · way 后定语从句常省略关系词

3Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

主干主语:Flo Health and the FTC;谓语:settled;宾语:the matter

结构with a Consent Order 表方式;requiring... 为现在分词短语修饰 Order。requiring 后接双不定式:to get... 与 as well as to instruct...。before sharing... 为时间状语。they had obtained 为定语从句修饰 data,过去完成时表示先于删除已获取。

译文Flo Health 与联邦贸易委员会以同意令结案,该令要求公司在分享用户健康信息前须获得明确肯定同意,并责令第三方删除已获取的数据。

考点requiring 分词修饰 Consent Order · as well as 连接两个不定式

4Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm.

主干主语:Section 5 of the FTC Act;谓语:empowers;宾语:the FTC;宾补:to initiate...

结构empower sb. to do 结构。against... 修饰 action。逗号后 meaning 引导现在分词作结果状语,相当于 which means。其中 if 条件从句说明只能事后执法;are misleading or cause 为并列谓语。after the fact 为固定短语。

译文《联邦贸易委员会法》第5条授权该委员会对不公平或欺骗性行为启动执法,这意味着只有当公司的隐私做法具有误导性或造成无正当理由的消费者损害时,委员会才能事后采取行动。

考点empower sb. to do · meaning 分词表结果/解释

5While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

主干主语:the rate;谓语:demonstrates;宾语:how 引导的从句

结构While 让步状语从句中,what it can 为宾语从句,to ensure 后接省略 that 的宾语从句。主句主语 the rate 后接 at which 定语从句。demonstrates 后接感叹性宾语从句 how immense of a challenge this is,强调挑战之大。

译文尽管联邦贸易委员会正尽力确保应用兑现对消费者敏感健康信息处理的承诺,但这类健康应用投放市场的速度表明,这仍是一项极为艰巨的挑战。

考点at which 定语从句修饰 rate · how + adj. + of a + n. 感叹结构作宾语