2024 考研英语二 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 3

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys.

主干主语：One of the biggest challenges；谓语：is；表语：convincing them that…

结构主系表结构。主语中心词 challenges 后接介词短语 in keeping…off the road 作后置定语；表语是动名词短语 convincing them，其后 that 引导宾语从句，说明说服的内容。it’s time to… 为固定句式，turn over the keys 为习语。

译文让不安全的高龄驾驶者离开道路，最大的难题之一就是说服他们：该交钥匙了。

考点one of + 最高级 + 复数名词 作主语，谓语用单数　·　convincing them that… 动名词短语作表语，that 从句为宾语从句

2“The American Medical Association advises physicians that ‘in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,’” Menke wrote.

主干主语：The American Medical Association；谓语：advises；间接宾语：physicians；直接宾语：that 从句（形式主语 it + 不定式）

结构主句 AMA advises physicians that…；that 从句内用 in situations where…and where… 两个并列定语从句限定 situations，真正主语是 to notify…，it 为形式主语。外层 Menke wrote 为引述结构，引号内再套 AMA 引语，层次多，易漏掉并列 where。

译文美国医学会建议医生：若有明确证据表明驾驶能力严重受损、对患者和公众安全构成重大威胁，且医生劝其停止驾驶的建议被置之不理，则通知机动车管理部门既可取也符合伦理。梅克写道。

考点形式主语 it is adj. to do 与前置状语 in situations where… 的嵌套　·　并列 where 从句分别说明“有威胁”与“劝告被忽视”两个条件

3Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.

主干主语：Part of the problem；谓语：is；表语：that 从句（difficulties are addressed）

结构主系表：that 引导表语从句，从句为被动语态 are addressed piecemeal by…。with different focuses 修饰 professions；including… 为介词短语举例。句末 said… 为倒装引述。piecemeal 作状语，说明处理方式零散。

译文老年学专家伊丽莎白·杜根说，保障高龄驾驶者安全的部分症结在于：这些问题被不同专业、不同侧重点的人零敲碎打地处理，包括老年学家、公路管理部门官员、汽车工程师等。

考点that 表语从句 + 被动 + by 施事　·　including 引导的举例成分不改变主语单复数

4Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.

主干主语：Passing vision tests；谓语：produced；宾语：a similar decline

结构动名词短语作主语。although 引导让步状语从句，从句用 there appeared to be 表示“似乎没有”。the two 回指上文“当面换证”与“视力检测”两项措施。in fatal crashes for those drivers 为 decline 的后置修饰。

译文通过视力检测同样使这些驾驶者的致命车祸明显下降，不过把两项要求合在一起似乎并无额外好处。

考点although 让步从句与主句结论的对比　·　there appeared to be 表“看起来不存在”

5Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.

主干主语：Primary care providers；谓语：have…and may not be able to follow through；宾语：patients（由 who 定语从句修饰）

结构并列谓语 have their hands full 与 may not be able to…。who 引导定语从句修饰 patients；because 原因状语从句内用 or 连接两组障碍：转头/记路，以及变矮却未调座椅。破折号后 or 引出另一类身体变化，sufficiently to… 为结果状语。句子长、并列层次多。

译文初级保健医生已忙得不可开交，未必顾得上那些开车有困难的患者——他们转不了头、记不得要去哪儿，或者个子变矮却没把座椅调到足以轻松够着踏板的位置。

考点have one’s hands full 习语　·　定语从句 + because 原因从句中多层 or 并列，破折号补充另一类困难

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