1High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.
主干主语：High school students；谓语：participate in；宾语：a litany of extracurricular activities
结构主句为简单主谓宾结构。eager to stand out... 是形容词短语作后置定语修饰 students，相当于定语从句 who are eager to...；hoping to bolster... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明参加活动的目的。注意两个修饰成分分别挂在主语和谓语动词上，容易混淆归属。
译文渴望在大学申请过程中脱颖而出的高中生，往往参加一大堆课外活动，希望借此增加自己被名校本科录取的机会。
考点形容词短语作后置定语：students (who are) eager to...，阅读时可补出省略的 who are · a litany of 表示「一长串、一系列」，含贬义色彩，暗示数量过多
2However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matters more than the number of activities he or she participates in.
主干主语：college admissions experts；谓语：say；宾语：that 引导的宾语从句（从句主干：the quality matters more than the number）
结构that 引导宾语从句作 say 的宾语；从句内部含 more...than... 比较结构，比较对象是 quality 与 the number of activities；he or she participates in 是省略关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 activities，in 不可丢。a college hopeful 指「有望上大学的人」。
译文然而，大学招生专家表示，对于申请大学的学生来说，课外活动的质量比参加活动的数量更重要。
考点比较结构中 matter 作动词，意为「要紧、重要」，matter more than 即「比……更重要」 · 定语从句 he or she participates in 省略了关系代词，介词 in 留在句尾，还原为 participates in the activities
3Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.
主干主语：Experts；谓语：say；宾语：省略 that 的宾语从句（从句主干：it is tougher to distinguish oneself... than it is to stand out...）
结构say 后接省略 that 的宾语从句；从句中 it 是形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to distinguish oneself...；that is common among high school students 是定语从句修饰 activity；than 引导比较状语从句 it is to stand out...，其中 it 同样是形式主语；while doing an uncommon activity 是省略式时间状语从句（while one is doing...）。
译文专家表示，在高中生中很普遍的校内课外活动里，想要脱颖而出，比参加一项不常见的活动并崭露头角要难得多。
考点比较结构两边都是「it is + 形容词 + 不定式」的形式主语句式，than 后的 it is 不可理解为指代前文事物 · while doing... 是状语从句的省略，主从句主语一致时省略主语和 be 动词
4Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidance counselor, says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students impress college admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment.
主干主语：Joseph Adegboyega-Edun；谓语：says；宾语：省略 that 的宾语从句（从句主干：unconventional extracurricular activities can help students impress college admissions offices）
结构a Maryland high school guidance counselor 是同位语，解释主语身份；says 后接省略 that 的宾语从句；从句中 help students (to) impress... 是 help sb. (to) do 结构；assuming they demonstrated serious commitment 是现在分词短语作条件状语，assuming (that) 相当于「假如、前提是」，they 指代 students。
译文马里兰州一所高中的升学顾问约瑟夫·阿德格博耶加-埃登表示，非常规的课外活动能帮助学生打动大学招生办——前提是学生表现出认真持久的投入。
考点assuming (that)... 作条件状语，相当于 if/provided that，意为「假定、如果」 · help sb. (to) do sth. 中不定式符号 to 可省略，此处 impress 前省略了 to
5High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.
主干主语：High school students；谓语：may impress 和 win（并列谓语）；宾语：a college / a scholarship；全句为倒装引语结构，says Erica Gwyn 是插入式引述句
结构who have had a strong positive influence... 是定语从句修饰 students；says Erica Gwyn 为引述分句倒装（正常语序 Erica Gwyn says）；其后 a former math and science magnet program assistant... 是 Erica Gwyn 的同位语，同位语内又嵌套定语从句 who is now executive director... 修饰 assistant；句末 a nonprofit organization 是 the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy 的同位语。多层同位语+定语从句嵌套是本句难点。
译文埃丽卡·格温表示，通过课外活动对自己所在社区产生过积极而重大影响的高中生，可能会打动大学并赢得奖学金。格温曾是一所公立高中数理磁石项目的助理，现任亚特兰大非营利组织「万花筒职业学院」的执行董事。
考点引述分句倒装：says Erica Gwyn = Erica Gwyn says，新闻报道高频句式 · 多重同位语嵌套：assistant 的同位语套着 who 定语从句，句末 a nonprofit organization 又是机构名的同位语，需理清各成分归属