1It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%.
主干主语：It；谓语：is；表语：true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%
结构句首“It is true that”引导真实性强调，破折号插入补充说明顶级CEO薪酬倍数，and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句主语CEO pay谓语has gone up，第二个分句主语CEO pay谓语has gone up，by varying estimates作方式状语修饰谓语，整体复合句结构严谨，表层主干清晰但从句嵌套多层，易混淆主谓宾关系。
译文事实是首席执行官的薪酬已经上涨了——顶级高管平均薪酬是普通员工的300倍，自20世纪70年代中期以来，美国大型上市公司首席执行官的薪酬，根据各种估计，已经上涨了大约500%。
考点It is true that引导真实性强调句型 · 破折号与and连接并列补充信息
2It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.
主干主语：one reason；谓语：is；that从句作表语：CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy
结构句首“It’s not popular to say”插入成分，but转折连词连接主句，one reason作主语，that从句作表语从句，their pay指代上文CEO pay，upped their game为习语，relative to作比较状语，整体结构为插入+转折+主从复合，难点在于原因从句与主句的逻辑衔接。
译文说这话并不受欢迎，但首席执行官薪酬上涨如此之多的一个原因是，他们确实比美国经济中的许多其他工人表现得更好。
考点插入成分It’s not popular to say · 原因从句that引导的表语从句
3Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.
主干主语：it；谓语：is；表语：principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising
结构句首Yet转折连词，it作形式主语，that从句作表语，构成强调句式，principally作状语修饰谓语，during this period of stronger governance作时间状语，that引导强调结构，CEO pay has been high and rising作表语内容，句子结构为转折+强调+时间状语，难点在于强调句that的用法及主谓宾的识别。
译文然而，正是这一更强治理时期，首席执行官薪酬才一直居高不下并持续上涨。
考点强调句式it is...that... · 时间状语during this period of stronger governance
4Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.
主干主语：the highest CEO salaries；谓语：are paid；to outside candidates作状语，another sign that...作同位语
结构Furthermore作插入成分，the highest CEO salaries作主语，are paid to outside candidates作谓语，not to the cozy insider picks作并列否定成分，another sign that...作同位语，that从句作同位语从句，high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company作表语内容，句子结构为插入+主谓+并列否定+同位语，难点在于同位语从句that的引导及depraudation词义的理解。
译文此外，最高的首席执行官薪酬支付给外部候选人，而不是那些亲信提名，这也是高薪并非公司内部掠夺的又一证据。
考点同位语从句that引导 · not to...作并列否定成分
5And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
主干主语：the stock market；谓语：reacts；when从句作时间状语，a sign that...作同位语
结构And作连接词，the stock market作主语，reacts positively作谓语，when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices作时间状语从句，a sign that...作同位语，that从句作同位语从句，those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO作表语内容，句子结构为连接+主谓+时间状语+同位语，难点在于when引导的时间状语从句及同位语从句that的嵌套。
译文而且，当公司将首席执行官薪酬与股票价格等挂钩时，股市会做出积极反应，这表明这些做法不仅为首席执行官创造了价值，还提升了公司整体价值。
考点when引导的时间状语从句 · 同位语从句that引导