2020 考研英语二 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 3

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.

主干主语：Madrid；谓语：was hailed；宾语：as a public health beacon；when从句：when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars

结构主句为简单被动句，when引导时间状语从句修饰谓语动词，说明行动时间。as a public health beacon为固定搭配，修饰谓语。句子难点在于时间状语从句的嵌入式结构，主语与宾语间介词短语的修饰，以及when从句中动词时态呼应。整体结构复杂，易混淆时间状语从句的位置和功能。

译文马德里去年11月因推出针对最污染车辆的雄心勃勃限制措施而被誉为公共卫生的灯塔。

考点when引导时间状语从句　·　固定搭配hailed as

2Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.

主干主语：a new conservative city council；谓语：suspended；宾语：enforcement of the clean air zone；appositive：a first step toward its possible demise

结构时间状语Seven months and one election day later修饰主句谓语。主句为简单句，后面跟同位语appositive解释动作结果。难点在于时间状语的复杂表达方式，以及同位语与主句的逻辑关系，易误解为独立句子。

译文七个月后又逢选举日，一家新的保守派市议会暂停了清洁空气区的执法行动，这是一次走向其可能消亡的第一步。

考点时间状语短语　·　同位语结构

3Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable.

主干主语：the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own；谓语：are；表语：politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable

结构Among other weaknesses为介词短语作状语修饰全句。主句主语为the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own，when引导时间状语从句修饰动词employ。谓语为系动词are，表语为politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable，and连接并列表语。难点在于主语中when从句的嵌入，以及表语的并列结构。

译文在其他弱点中，当城市被留下来自行处理脏空气时必须采用的措施在政治上是具有争议性的，因此是脆弱的。

考点when引导时间状语从句　·　表语并列结构

4That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers who must pay fees or buy better vehicles rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.

主干主语：they；谓语：put；宾语：the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers who must pay fees or buy better vehicles rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution

结构That’s because引导原因状语从句。主句包含put...on to...rather than...对比结构，who引导定语从句修饰drivers，whose引导定语从句修饰manufacturers。难点在于because原因状语从句的复杂性、rather than的对比关系，以及两个定语从句的嵌套修饰。

译文这是因为它们不可避免地将清洁空气的成本转嫁给必须支付费用或购买更好车辆的单个司机，而不是转嫁给汽车制造商，而汽车制造商的违规才是我们有毒污染的真正原因。

考点because原因状语从句　·　rather than对比结构

5Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.

主干主语：Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads；谓语：are；宾语：a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance

结构that引导定语从句修饰restrictions。主句为简单句，后面是介词短语a response to...作表语。to enforce...and require...为两个动词不定式并列作后置定语。em dash插入成分列举具体区域。难点在于定语从句的嵌套、插入成分、以及不定式并列结构的复杂修饰关系。

译文将高污染车辆排除在某些区域之外的限制措施——城市中心、“学校街道”，甚至个别道路——是对未能更大努力适当执行现有法规并要求汽车公司使其车辆符合标准的回应。

考点that引导定语从句　·　不定式并列结构

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