2020 考研英语二 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 1

4 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.

主干主语：Rats and other animals；谓语：need to be attuned；宾语：to social signals

结构主句后接so引导的目的状语从句；从句中identify的宾语friends和enemies分别后接不定式to cooperate with和to avoid作后置定语，形成平行结构。attuned to为固定搭配。

译文老鼠和其他动物需要高度敏锐地捕捉来自同伴的社交信号，以便识别出可合作的朋友和应躲避的敌人。

考点so引导目的状语从句　·　不定式作后置定语修饰名词

2This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says.

主干主语：This；谓语：could lead to；宾语：the rats remembering... and wanting...

结构lead to后接动名词复合结构；remembering和wanting并列，remembering后接完成式动名词having freed；when引导时间状语从句修饰wanting；句末she says为插入语。

译文这可能导致老鼠更好地记住自己曾解救过它，并希望在自己被困时机器人能投桃报李，奎因说。

考点lead to + 动名词复合结构　·　完成式动名词having done表示先发生的动作

3“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,” says Quinn.

主干主语：Rats；谓语：have been shown to engage in；宾语：multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation

结构被动结构have been shown to do；including后接what引导的名词性从句作宾语；where引导定语从句修饰direct reciprocity；that引导定语从句修饰another rat。

译文“已有研究表明，老鼠会参与多种形式的互惠帮助与合作，包括所谓的直接互惠，即老鼠会帮助曾经帮助过自己的另一只老鼠，”奎因说。

考点what is referred to as 固定表达　·　where引导定语从句修饰抽象名词

4“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

主干主语：We；谓语：’d assumed；宾语从句：we’d have to give... but that wasn’t necessary

结构主句后接省略that的宾语从句；从句内部为but连接的并列句；give后接多个并列宾语；who引导非限制性定语从句修饰Janet Wiles。

译文“我们原以为必须给它装上会动的头和尾巴、面部特征，再喷上气味让它闻起来像真老鼠，但其实没必要，”协助这项研究的澳大利亚昆士兰大学的珍妮特·怀尔斯说。

考点assume后接宾语从句　·　非限制性定语从句who修饰人

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