1Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.
主干主语：Scientific publishers；谓语：report；宾语：profit margins approaching 40% on their operations，at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis
结构主句为简单陈述句，主语后接现在分词短语作状语，修饰动词report。时间状语从句“at a time when...”作进一步说明，when引导的时间状语从句中包含now的进行时态，整体结构复杂，主谓宾齐全且修饰成分丰富，易混淆介词短语与状语从句的关系。
译文科学出版商们经常报告其运营利润率接近40%，而此时出版业其他部分正面临生存危机。
考点profit margins 利润率 / approaching 40% 接近40% · at a time when... 此时...
2The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
主干主语：The Dutch giant Elsevier；谓语：made；宾语：profits of more than £900m last year；while从句和despite从句作补充
结构主句包含非限制性定语从句“which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world”修饰Elsevier。谓语动词made后跟时间副词短语作状语，并用while连接两个并列的过去分词短语作并列状语。句子末尾以分号连接独立分句，后面又有despite引导的让步状语从句，结构层层嵌套，主谓宾完整，语法层次丰富。
译文荷兰巨型出版商爱思唯尔声称在世界上发表25%的科学论文，去年就获得了超过9亿英镑的利润，而英国大学仅2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑，让研究人员获取自己资助的公共研究成果；这两个数字似乎在不断上涨，尽管人们正做出越来越绝望的改变。
考点非限制性定语从句 / while连接并列状语 / despite引导让步状语从句 · made profits... while... both figures... despite... 复杂并列与让步结构
3The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.
主干主语：The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction；谓语：has been；表语：the emergence of Sci-Hub，a kind of global photocopier...，set up in 2012，which now claims...
结构主句为“There be”结构，表语部分跟一系列同位语和插入成分：a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers是同位语，set up in 2012是过去分词短语作后置定语，which now claims...是限制性定语从句修饰Sci-Hub，整个句子主谓宾齐全，插入成分多，表语从句长且嵌套，容易误认成简单句。
译文最极端而且完全非法的反应就是2012年建立的Sci-Hub的出现，Sci-Hub现在声称可以提供对2015年以来所有付费文章的访问。
考点插入语 / 过去分词短语作后置定语 / which引导限制性定语从句 · reaction has been the emergence... 句型转换
4A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.
主干主语：A report last year；谓语：pointed out；宾语：that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation
结构主句为主谓结构，主句后接宾语从句，宾语从句中“costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs””是主语，both...and...连接两个并列介词短语作定语修饰costs，had been rising为现在完成进行时，at a rate above inflation作状语，句式复杂，both...and...易被忽略。
译文去年的一份报告指出，订阅费用以及这些“文章准备费用”的成本一直在稳步上涨，涨幅超过通货膨胀率。
考点both...and...连接并列成分 / now perfect progressive tenses 现在完成进行时 · costs both of subscriptions and of these... 结构嵌套
5In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.
主干主语：the scientific publishing model；谓语：resembles；宾语：the economy of the social internet：labour is provided free...，while huge profits are made...
结构主句为主谓宾结构，后跟冒号引出的两个并列分句作解释说明。第一个分句为被动语态，第二个分句用while连接两个并列谓语，who run the market places是限制性定语从句修饰firms，冒号连接并列解释，while引导时间或对比状语从句，结构清晰但层次多。
译文在某种程度上，科学出版模式类似于社交互联网的经济：劳动者免费提供劳动，以换取声誉，而少数大公司则通过经营市场赚取巨额利润。
考点冒号连接并列解释 / while引导并列从句 / who引导限制性定语从句 · labour is provided free... while... 被动语态与对比结构