1The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
主干主语：The implication；谓语：is；表语从句：that Millennials prefer news ... to be filtered ...
结构主系表结构，that 引导表语从句。从句中 prefer + 宾语 news + 宾补 to be filtered；through other sources 作方式状语。not 后为省略结构，与 through other sources 对照，否定总统社交平台这一渠道。from the White House 修饰 news。
译文言外之意是，千禧一代更希望白宫新闻经由其他渠道过滤后再送达，而不是直接来自总统的社交媒体。
考点prefer + 宾语 + to be done 表示“希望某事被如何处理” · not 后省略 prefer news ... to be filtered，构成对照
2During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
主干主语：nearly a quarter of web content；谓语：was；表语：fake news
结构时间状语 During... 前置。主语中心词 content 后接过去分词短语 shared by Twitter users 作后置定语，in the politically critical state of Michigan 修饰 users。according to... 为评注性状语，标明信息来源。politically critical 为形容词短语修饰 state。
译文牛津大学的数据显示，2016年总统竞选期间，在政治关键州密歇根，推特用户分享的网络内容中近四分之一是假新闻。
考点过去分词短语作后置定语，shared by... 修饰 content · according to 评注性状语，不充当句子主干
3A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
主干主语：A 2014 survey；谓语：found；宾语：that 从句
结构主语 survey 后接过去分词短语 conducted in... by... 作后置定语，in 引出地点，by 引出实施机构。found 后接 that 宾语从句；从句主语 reliance on social media，谓语 led to，宾语 greater political engagement。
译文威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校2014年在澳大利亚、英国和美国开展的一项调查发现，年轻人对社交媒体的依赖带来了更高的政治参与度。
考点conducted in A, B, and C by D 多重后置定语 · reliance on 后接名词，led to 表示导致
4Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.
主干主语：Social media；谓语：allows；宾语：users；宾补：to experience...
结构allow sb to do 结构。while also permitting... 为时间/伴随状语从句（省略主语 social media），与主句并列说明另一功能。as a projection of... 作方式状语修饰 re-share。more intimately and immediately 并列副词修饰 experience。
译文社交媒体让用户能更亲密、更即时地体验新闻事件，同时也允许他们把新闻再分享出去，以此投射自身的价值观和兴趣。
考点while also + doing 省略主语，表伴随另一动作 · as a projection of 表示“作为……的投射/体现”
5So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.
主干主语：they；谓语：reveal；宾语：a mental discipline
结构So 表结论。when 引导时间状语从句。主句宾语 discipline 后接 in thinking skills，破折号后 and in their choices 与之并列；on when to share... 为介词 + 疑问词不定式，修饰 choices。over-tweeting 为合成形容词修饰 president。
译文因此，当年轻人对一位过度发推的总统提出批评时，他们展现的是思维上的自律——以及在何时于社交媒体上转发这件事上的自律。
考点be critical of 后接批评对象 · 介词 in 并列：in thinking skills and in their choices；choices on when to do