1Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens – a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands – once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.
主干主语：Biologists；谓语：estimate；宾语：that 引导的宾语从句（从句主语：lesser prairie chickens；谓语：lent；宾语：red）
结构主句后接 that 宾语从句。从句主语后有破折号插入的同位语 a kind of bird，其后 living on... 为现在分词短语作后置定语。once lent red to... 为比喻用法；of the midwestern and southwestern United States 修饰 landscape。as many as 修饰数量。
译文生物学家估计，多达200万只小草原松鸡——一种生活在广袤草原上的鸟——曾为美国中西部和西南部常常灰蒙蒙的大地添上一抹红色。
考点破折号插入同位语打断主谓，阅读时先抓主干 lent red to · lend...to 表“为……增添”，勿按“借出”直译
2They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.
主干主语：They；谓语：had pushed；宾语：the agency；宾补：to designate the bird as “endangered”
结构push sb. to do 结构。逗号后 a status 是 “endangered” 的同位语，其后 that 引导定语从句修饰 status；从句中 to crack down on threats 为不定式作后置定语，修饰 power。
译文他们曾敦促该机构将这种鸟列为“濒危”，这一地位能赋予联邦官员更大的监管权，以严厉打击各种威胁。
考点同位语 + that 定语从句层层修饰前面的法律地位 · crack down on 为高频短语，后接打击对象
3In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
主干主语：they；谓语：called for；宾语：forging closer collaborations
结构call for + 动名词。collaborations 后接两个并列的 with 短语：with western state governments 和 with the private landowners。第一个 with 后有 which 非限制性定语从句；第二个 with 后有 who 限制性定语从句。and 连接的是两个 with，不是两个 governments。
译文他们尤其呼吁与西部各州政府——这些州政府往往对联邦行动感到不安——以及与控制着小草原松鸡约95%栖息地的私人土地所有者建立更紧密的合作。
考点并列的两个 with 易被误读成只修饰 governments · which 非限制性定语从句补充说明州政府对联邦行动的态度
4Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
主干主语：the agency；谓语：said；宾语：省略 that 的宾语从句（从句主语：it；谓语：would not prosecute；宾语：landowners or businesses）
结构said 后接宾语从句。that unintentionally kill... 为定语从句修饰 landowners or businesses。as long as 引导条件状语从句，they 回指 landowners or businesses；to restore... 为不定式作后置定语修饰 management plan。for example 为插入语。
译文例如，该机构表示，根据这项计划，只要土地所有者或企业签署了旨在恢复小草原松鸡栖息地的全域管理方案，即使无意中杀死、伤害或惊扰了这种鸟，也不会被起诉。
考点as long as 条件从句与主句否定 prosecute 构成“免责前提” · that 定语从句修饰并列宾语 landowners or businesses
5Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
主干主语：the plan；谓语：requires；宾语：individuals and businesses；宾补：to pay into a fund
结构句首 Negotiated by... 为过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 the plan。requires sb. to do 结构。that damage habitat as part of their operations 为定语从句修饰 individuals and businesses。后一个 to replace... 为不定式表目的，修饰 pay into a fund；destroyed 为过去分词后置定语修饰 acre。
译文该计划由美国鱼类和野生动物管理局与各州协商制定，要求那些因自身经营活动而破坏栖息地的个人和企业向一项基金缴费，以便每毁掉一英亩栖息地，就补上两英亩适宜的新栖息地。
考点句首过去分词短语的逻辑主语须与主句主语 the plan 一致 · require sb. to do 中 to pay 与后面 to replace 功能不同，后者表目的