1But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
主干主语：the decision；谓语：was；表语：an 8-0 defeat
结构主句为系表结构。介词短语on the more important matter of the Constitution作状语前置。defeat后接介词短语for the Administration's effort，effort后接不定式to upset...作后置定语，其中between...and...修饰balance of power。整体为简单句但修饰层层叠加。
译文但在更为重要的宪法问题上，这一裁决以8比0的比分挫败了奥巴马政府试图打破联邦政府与各州权力平衡的努力。
考点effort后接不定式作定语表示“做某事的努力” · defeat for sb's effort 表示对某人努力的挫败
2The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
主干主语：The Constitutional principles；谓语：are；表语：noncontroversial
结构主语后接两个并列的that引导的同位语从句，分别解释principles的具体内容。第一个从句中alone修饰Washington，不定式to establish...作power的定语。and连接两个that从句，共同作principles的同位语。
译文华盛顿独自拥有“制定统一归化规则”的权力以及联邦法律优先于州法律，这些宪法原则并无争议。
考点that引导同位语从句解释抽象名词principles · 并列同位语从句用and连接
3Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.
主干主语：Justice Anthony Kennedy；谓语：ruled；宾语：that从句
结构过去分词短语joined by...作插入语，修饰主语Kennedy，说明其立场得到谁的支持。ruled后接that引导的宾语从句，从句使用隐喻flew too close to the federal sun。
译文安东尼·肯尼迪大法官在首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨及法院自由派的支持下裁定，该州走得太近，已触及联邦权力的禁区。
考点过去分词短语作插入语补充主语信息 · 隐喻表达需结合上下文理解
4On the overturned provisions the majority held Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.
主干主语：the majority；谓语：held；宾语：两个并列从句
结构介词短语On the overturned provisions作状语前置。held后接两个并列的省略that的宾语从句，由and连接。thus表示结果，intruded on...为固定搭配。occupied the field为法律术语。
译文针对被推翻的条款，多数派认为国会已有意“占据该领域”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦的专属权力。
考点held后可接省略that的宾语从句 · occupy the field为法律习语表示独占立法领域
5The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.
主干主语：The Administration；谓语：was asserting；宾语：that从句
结构in essence作插入状语。asserting后接that引导的宾语从句，从句内部含because引导的原因状语从句。do so指代carry out Congress's immigration wishes，either与否定呼应。
译文政府实质上是在主张：因为它自己不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不应被允许这样做。
考点in essence作插入语强调实质 · do so指代前文动词短语避免重复