1Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.
主干主语:this enormous resource;谓语:is not contributing;宾语:enough to today's global challenges
结构主句为简单否定结构。including引导的现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰challenges,列举具体内容;enough后接介词短语to today's global challenges作程度补足语。Yet表转折,置于句首。
译文然而,这一庞大资源对当今全球挑战的贡献还不够,这些挑战包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康。
考点including引导的分词短语作定语列举 · enough to 结构表程度
2Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
主干主语:the social sciences;谓语:are focused;宾语:on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates
结构主句为被动结构be focused on。rather than连接并列介词短语,表对比选择,后半部分省略are focused。with external impact为介词短语作后置定语修饰topics。Today作时间状语置于句首。
译文如今,社会科学主要聚焦于学科内部问题和学术争论,而非具有外部影响的议题。
考点rather than 连接并列结构表对比 · be focused on 的被动用法
3And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
主干主语:whether从句;谓语:is;表语:doubtful
结构whether引导的名词性从句作整个句子的主语(主语从句),从句内部为主谓宾结构contributes much to...。主句为系表结构is doubtful。And连接前文,表递进。
译文而且,该群体的工作是否对知识的整体积累贡献良多,也令人怀疑。
考点whether引导主语从句 · contribute to 后接名词
4This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category.
主干形式主语:it;谓语:was proposed;真正主语:that从句
结构it作形式主语,that引导主语从句,从句用虚拟语气be changed(should省略)。冒号后为解释,Horizon 2020作主语,后接同位语a new program,不定式to be enacted作后置定语;would not have为过去将来时。
译文今年有人提议改变这一体系:将于2014年实施的新项目“地平线2020”将不再设此类别。
考点it was proposed that + 虚拟语气 · 同位语与不定式作后置定语