特殊结构

平行结构:并列成分必须同构

基础 · 6 个真题例句 · 更新于 2026-10-01

考研英语语法平行结构:并列成分必须同构特殊结构语法长难句分析考研英语真题语法

本讲解决平行结构框架的识别与拆解。真题中,both...and, either...or等连词词组像显影液,一出现就划定了并列边界。只要抓住这些框架,长句的修饰成分就能一刀切下,主干瞬间显形。别被并列连词前后的长修饰吓住,它们必定同构。

怎么读

both...and锁定同级修饰

看到both...and,直接找它两端连接的词。句1中both连接domestic和international,共同修饰consumers;句2同理,both连接human和animal修饰experiences;句4中both fake and real作后置定语修饰weapons;句5中both连接health scares和short-lived dietary enthusiasms,两个名词短语共作generates的宾语;句6中both连接sides作主语。无论前后多长,词性必定一致。

either...or判定谓语选择

either...or连接两个选项,在句3中连接didn't exist和was not discernible,两个并列谓语共享主语it。此时直接把either...or括起来,前面的主语和后面的谓语2各自归位,句子就拆成了两个简单句。注意谓语动词的单复数服从就近原则,但考研更侧重结构拆解。

真题例句拆解

以下句子全部取自本站 2010-2026 年英语一、英语二真题原文,未做改写;主干摘取与翻译为本站整理。

1英语一 2010 阅读理解 B - 新题型

At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

主干this change will be acclaimed by consumers

无论如何,这种变化最终将受到越来越多的国内外消费者的称赞,不管目前的消费模式需要多长时间才能占据主导。

看点both...and连接形容词domestic和international,共同修饰consumers,直接打包成“国内的和国际的”。

2英语二 2025 阅读理解 A - Text 4

Animal desire paths, such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences.

主干Animal desire paths highlight the adaptability

动物的欲望路径,比如鸭子在结冰的池塘上开辟小径,或者狗在花园里开辟直达路线,突出了这些路径在人类和动物经验中的适应性。

看点both...and连接human和animal,共同修饰experiences,切断长定语such as...后,主干清晰。

3英语一 2013 阅读理解 C - 翻译

The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.

主干The gardens introduce form into an environment

无家可归者的花园,实际上也就是无家可归的花园,将形式引入到一种城市环境中,在这种环境中,这种形式要么不存在,要么无法被这样识别出来。

看点either...or连接didn't exist和was not discernible,两个并列谓语共享主语it,拆解时按两个谓语拆成两半。

4英语一 2017 阅读理解 A - Text 1

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons – both fake and real – past airport security nearly every time they tried.

主干the TSA found that investigators were able to sneak weapons

去年,运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现,卧底调查人员几乎每次尝试都能将武器——无论是假的还是真的——偷带过机场安检。

看点both fake and real作插入式后置定语修饰weapons,形容词并列,读的时候直接跳过破折号,主干不断。

5英语一 2019 阅读理解 C - 翻译

There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

主干There is nonsense which generates scares and enthusiasms

医学期刊上有大量这种无稽之谈,当被广播公司和大众媒体采纳时,它既引发了健康恐慌,又引发了短暂的饮食狂热。

看点both...and连接两个名词短语health scares和short-lived dietary enthusiasms,共作generates的宾语,找宾语终点要看到enthusiasms。

6英语一 2022 阅读理解 A - Text 3

Nature’s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever, but, tomake a collaboration work, both sides need to invest time, and embrace surprise and challenge.

主干findings suggest that trend is strong, but both sides need to invest time and embrace surprise and challenge

《自然》杂志的民意调查结果表明,这一趋势一如既往地强劲,但是,为了使合作成功,双方都需要投入时间,并拥抱意外和挑战。

看点both sides作主语,need to invest和embrace是并列谓语,surprise和challenge是and连接的并列宾语。注意区分both...and框架和普通and并列。

常见陷阱

做题检查清单

  1. 圈出both/either/not only,立刻向后找对应的and/or/but also。
  2. 划出并列连词两端的成分,验证词性是否一致(名并名,形并形)。
  3. 把并列部分整体打包,还原它所修饰的词或所作的句子成分。

继续看

配套练习

读懂句子只是第一步。到站内做整卷真题时,可以直接选中正文里的词或短语查释义与语块,做完自动判分、错题与生词自动沉淀。

进入考研英语真题