省略与替代：句子缺了一块怎么读

John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.

主干John Donahue points out that the norms suit those but is bad for high achievers.

哈佛肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出，西方文职部门的文化规范适合那些想留在原地的人，但对高成就者不利。

看点those 替代上文的 civil servants；is 和 suit 并列，共享主语 norms，别把 is 的主语误看成 achievers。

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students – those who do not have a parent with a college degree – lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.

主干Studies have found that first-generation college students lag other students on factors.

多年来，研究发现初代大学生——那些父母没有大学学位的学生——在一系列教育成就指标上落后于其他学生。

看点破折号中 those 替代 students，构成同位语，解释 first-generation college students。

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

主干Studies show that students are better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

美国和澳大利亚的研究表明，经历间隔年的学生通常比未经历间隔年的学生在大学里准备更充分、表现更好。

看点those 替代 students；do not 省略了 take a gap year；prepared for 和 perform better in 共享宾语 college。

That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC's abdication.

主干That means more battles like the one between the Justice Department and California.

这意味着会出现更多像司法部和加州之间正在进行的这种战斗，加州在FCC放弃监管后制定了一项严格的网络中立法律。

看点That 替代前文整个事件；the one 替代 battle，后接 now going on 作后置定语，避免重复 battles。

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration – one of the great folk wanderings of history – swept from Europe to America.

主干A tide of emigration swept from Europe to America.

在17和18世纪初的一百年间，一股移民潮——历史上最伟大的民族大迁徙之一——从欧洲席卷至美洲。

看点破折号中 one 替代 wandering，属于同位语中的代词替代，避免重复 wanderings。

On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __1__ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your __2__ in the wrong place often carries a high __3__.

主干it’s a necessary condition __1__ many worthwhile things. putting your __2__ in the wrong place often carries a high __3__.

一方面，它是许多有价值事物的必要条件：儿童保育、友谊等。另一方面，把你的信任放错地方往往要付出高昂的代价。

看点it 替代前文提到的核心概念（如信任）；etc. 省略了同类事物的列举，读的时候要知道冒号后只是举例而非全部。