同位语从句:the fact / idea / view that …
同位语从句和定语从句长得极像,真题里常套在 the fact/idea/evidence/hope 后面设卡。本讲专治“看到 that 就往后找修饰语”的惯性思维,教你靠判断 that 在从句里做不做成分,一刀切开名词和它的解释内容。
怎么读
锁定抽象名词做老板
同位语从句不能乱飘,前面必有抽象名词当“老板”。句2里的 the fact、句6里的 in the hope,that 紧跟其后,整个从句就是在解释这个 fact 或 hope 是什么。断句时,先把这个“名词+that”打包,心里有底:后面这一坨全是解释它的。
that做不做成分定生死
同位语从句的 that 只起连接作用,在从句里不当主语或宾语,从句本身结构完整。看句3,despite the fact that it questioned...,从句 it questioned 主谓宾齐全,that 没成分,这就是同位语。如果 that 在后面从句里当了主语或宾语,那就是定语从句。
拆解并列与多重that套娃
真题爱把同位语从句玩出花。句1里 evidence 后面跟了两个 that 从句,由 or 连接,说明一个证据支撑两个观点,别把第二个 that 当成新起点的定语。句3和句4更是 that 套娃,句3第一个 that 引导宾语从句,第二个才是同位语;句4第二个 that 是主语从句。必须逐层拆解。
真题例句拆解
以下句子全部取自本站 2010-2026 年英语一、英语二真题原文,未做改写;主干摘取与翻译为本站整理。
Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.
主干Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that... or that...
曾经有一段时间,生物学家有些过度使用了这样一个证据:这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持猎物的健康,或者它们只捕食“无价值”的物种。
看点evidence 后跟两个 that 引导的并列同位语从句,that 在从句中均不充当成分,从句结构完整。
Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.
主干Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that...
然而,研究人员可以从这样一个事实中获得些许安慰:有大量的图书馆员致力于为当前和未来的研究人员发现、组织和保存数字信息。
看点the fact that... 为典型同位语从句,that 不做成分,从句解释 fact 的具体内容。
In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.
主干IBM noted... that..., despite the fact that...
2005年,IBM在一份法庭文件中指出,尽管它对授予这些专利的法律依据存疑,但它已经获得了300多项商业方法专利。
看点句中包含两个that从句:第一个是宾语从句,第二个是 the fact 引导的同位语从句,that 在同位语从句中无成分。
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
主干With..., and the fact that..., it’s not surprising that...
随着角色的模糊,以及职场女性在家庭方面的调整远远落后于工作场所这一事实,女性在家里压力更大也就不足为奇了。
看点介词 With 后跟 the fact 及其同位语从句;句末的 that 引导主语从句,需区分同位语与其他名词性从句。
“Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.
主干... ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that...
“大自然给我们嘴唇是为了遮住牙齿,”一句流行的维多利亚时代谚语说道,暗指在正规牙科学诞生之前,口腔的卫生状况往往令人震惊。
看点alluding to 的宾语是 the fact,其后 that 引导同位语从句解释 fact,从句内含 before 时间状语。
At a pinch, they might pick up a business book before a long flight, in the hope that, like a cookbook, it will provide a foolproof recipe.
主干they might pick up a business book..., in the hope that...
不得已时,他们可能会在长途飞行前拿起一本商业书籍,希望它能像食谱一样提供一个万无一失的配方。
看点in the hope that... 中 that 引导同位语从句解释 hope 的内容,从句主干 it will provide 完整,that 无成分。
常见陷阱
- 看到 that 就当定语从句翻译成“的”,导致句意不通顺。
- 遇到并列同位语从句(如句1的or that),误以为第二个that修饰前一个从句里的词。
- 句里出现多个that时(如句3、4),没分清各自归属,导致主干全乱。
做题检查清单
- 找到that,先往前看有没有抽象名词(fact/evidence/hope等)。
- 把that后面的从句单独拎出来,看主谓宾是否完整。
- 若从句完整,that无成分,是同位语从句,整句翻译为“即”。
- 若从句缺主/宾语,that充当成分,是定语从句,翻译为“的”。
继续看
配套练习
读懂句子只是第一步。到站内做整卷真题时,可以直接选中正文里的词或短语查释义与语块,做完自动判分、错题与生词自动沉淀。