定语从句（二）：关系副词与「介词 + which」

Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as US $2.13 an hour.

主干Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services, like restaurants

给小费一直是历史上靠小费的服务业（如餐饮业）工人的重要收入来源，在这些行业，小费最低工资可能低至每小时2.13美元。

看点where修饰restaurants，等于in which，说明“在餐厅里”最低工资是多少，定语从句修饰具体地点名词。

It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

主干It is also the reason

这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们所能做的只是表达对它的反应，而不是理解音乐本身的原因。

看点why修饰reason，等于for which。why后紧跟when引导的时间状语从句，注意区分：why是定语，when是状语，别搞混层级。

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.

主干Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college

学生们在上大学前学点编程也会从中受益，在大学里，计算机科学入门课都挤得满满当当，这可能会把经验不足或决心不够的学生赶走。

看点第一个where修饰college，等于at which；第二个which修饰前面整句话（课程挤满人这件事），这是定语从句的嵌套。

It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.” Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance.

主干It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.

“那就是中间的差距，问题就出在那里。”大急流城社区学院的朱莉·帕克斯指出了吸引千禧一代进入制造业的另一个关键：工作与生活的平衡。"

看点where修饰that(指代gap)，等于in which，在从句中作表语。问题在这个差距“里”。

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.

主干The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world

理解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模型是：在一个顶级企业商业机会迅速增长的世界里，CEO人才是有限的。

看点where修饰world，等于in which。抽象概念world接where，表示“在这个世界里”。

“Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.

主干“Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement

“技能重塑”听起来像个流行词，但如果我们计划拥有一个不让许多潜在工人掉队的未来，它实际上就是一个必要条件。

看点where修饰future，等于in which。future是抽象时间/状态名词，接where表示“在这样的未来里”，不要被抽象名词迷惑。