定语从句（一）：which / that / who / whose

Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

主干Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers could be trusted to know what they were about.

他们的工作是一项严肃的事业，即使是那些轻松展示自己学识的评论家（如萧伯纳和欧内斯特·纽曼），也确信知道自己所从事的工作。

看点who修饰reviewers并在从句作主语，从句到lightly结束，like...是插入语，别把它划进从句。

But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

主干But almost all have ignored the opportunity: the trade.

但几乎所有人都忽视了自家后院巨大且有利可图的机会：批发食品饮料贸易，这似乎正是零售商所需要的那种市场。

看点which引导非限制性定语从句修饰trade，在从句中作主语，从句一直延伸到句末。

Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.

主干Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists.

这种被劫持的媒体与赢得的媒体恰恰相反：一项资产或一场活动会沦为人质，受制于消费者、其他利益相关者或对某个品牌或产品提出负面指控的激进分子。

看点who修饰activists并在从句作主语，从句到product结束，不要在activists后断句。

John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.

主干John Donahue points out that the norms suit those but is bad for high achievers.

哈佛肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出，西方公务员的文化规范适合那些想留在原地的人，但对高成就者不利。

看点who修饰those并在从句作主语，从句到put结束；but is bad是主句that宾语从句里的并列谓语。

This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.

主干This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, a widow.

这现在是格洛丽亚·麦肯齐面临的一个问题，她是一位84岁的寡妇，最近从她在佛罗里达州的小铁皮屋顶房子里出来，领取了历史上最大的独中彩票头奖。

看点who修饰widow并在从句作主语，从句一直延伸到句末，包含to collect作目的状语。

While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

主干While Europe’s monarchies will survive, the British royals have most to fear.

虽然欧洲的君主们无疑将足够聪明以在未来一段时间内存活下来，但正是英国王室最害怕西班牙的例子。

看点it is... who...构成强调句型，who在结构上充当主语，去掉it is和who后句子主干依然完整。