插入语与同位语：被逗号夹住的那一段

Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

主干Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly could be trusted to know what they were about.

他们的工作是一项严肃的事业，即使是那些轻松展示学识的评论家，比如萧伯纳和欧内斯特·纽曼，也可以相信他们知道自己在于什么。

看点成对逗号夹住的`, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,`是插入语，举例说明reviewers，读时先删去不看。

Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurants, and cafés.

主干Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”.

这类餐饮服务经营者范围从自动售货机到大型机构餐饮企业，但大多数这类企业在业内被称为“horeca”：酒店、餐厅和咖啡馆。

看点冒号后的`hotels, restaurants, and cafés`是同位语，直接解释前面“horeca”这个缩写的具体含义。

Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.

主干Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media.

这种被劫持的媒体与赢得的媒体恰恰相反：一项资产或活动沦为了消费者、其他利益相关者或活动人士的“人质”，他们对品牌或产品提出负面指控。

看点冒号后`an asset or campaign becomes hostage...`是解释性分句，充当opposite的同位语扩展，说明“相反”的具体表现。

Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.

主干Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.

尽管超过一半的哈佛本科生最终从事法律、医学或商业工作，但未来的医生和律师在开始专业资格学习前必须攻读非专业的文科学位。

看点本句没有成对逗号夹插入语，逗号是列举和状语从句分隔，切勿见逗号就当插入语删。

The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique.

主干The networked computer is an amazing device.

联网计算机是一种令人惊叹的设备，是第一台作为生产方式、分配手段、接收场所以及赞美和批评之地的媒体机器。

看点逗号后`the first media machine that...`是同位语，解释说明前面的an amazing device。

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.

主干Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.

这些花园似乎在回应的，或者源于的，另一种冲动或需求是如此内在，以至于我们几乎从未意识到它对我们持久的要求。

看点`, or to arise from,`是成对逗号夹住的插入语，与to respond to并列，补充说明gardens的另一种可能。