1That day’s high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.
主干主语：That day’s high temperature；谓语：was；表语：1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold
结构主系表结构。of roughly 36°C 修饰 temperature；shy of 后接名词短语 the heat wave alert threshold；for coastal cities 修饰 threshold；过去分词短语 set by national meteorological authorities 作后置定语，修饰 threshold。整体说明当日最高温距官方热浪预警阈值仅差1°C。
译文当天最高气温约为36摄氏度，比国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪预警阈值只低了1摄氏度。
考点be shy of 表示“差……不到、略低于” · 过去分词短语 set by… 作后置定语
2But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity — an often neglected factor in heat alert systems — and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.
主干主语：the effects of the heat；谓语：were amplified；介词宾语：humidity and the lack of shade
结构被动语态。by 后接并列宾语 humidity 与 the lack of shade。破折号插入同位语 an often neglected factor in heat alert systems，补充说明 humidity。at the late-morning outdoor ceremony 修饰 the lack of shade。强调湿热与无遮阴共同放大热效应。
译文但高温的影响被湿度——热预警系统中常被忽视的因素——以及当天上午晚些时候户外仪式现场缺少遮阴放大了。
考点破折号插入同位语解释先行名词 · 被动语态中 by 后并列两个原因
3To help improve HAPs, urban planner Kotharkar’s team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions.
主干主语：Kotharkar’s team；谓语：is working on；宾语：a model plan
结构句首不定式 To help improve HAPs 作目的状语。that 引导定语从句修饰 plan，从句内 outlines 与 could be adapted 由 and 并列，分别说明该示范方案的功能：列出最佳实践、并可因地制宜调整。
译文为改进高温行动计划，城市规划师科塔卡尔的团队正在制定一份示范方案，其中列出最佳做法，并可按当地条件加以调整。
考点不定式作目的状语 · 定语从句中并列谓语 outlines 与 could be adapted
4For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings that cope poorly with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers.
主干主语：neighborhoods；谓语：could get / be bolstered；宾语：special warnings / cooling centers
结构with a large elderly population or informal dwellings 作后置定语修饰 neighborhoods；that cope poorly with heat 为定语从句，修饰 informal dwellings（也可理解为修饰整个 with 短语所指社区特征）。谓语由 or 连接 get special warnings 与被动 be bolstered with cooling centers。
译文例如，老年人口较多、或住房简陋、难以抵御高温的街区，可获得特别预警，或增设降温中心予以加强。
考点with 短语与 that 定语从句层层修饰主语 · 情态动词后主动与被动并列
5HAPs shouldn’t just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler.
主干主语：HAPs；谓语：shouldn’t just include … but also recommend；宾语：responses / measures
结构not just … but also 并列两个动词 include 与 recommend。插入语 researchers say 分隔主句。that could make communities cooler 为定语从句修饰 measures。强调高温计划既要应急，也要中长期降温措施。
译文研究人员指出，高温行动计划不应只包含短期应急响应，还应提出能使社区降温的中长期措施。
考点not just … but also 并列谓语 · 插入语 researchers say 打断主句