1It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites — the tools we scientists need to measure the planet’s pulse — demand significant amounts of energy both in their construction and operation.
主干形式主语：It；谓语：is；表语：unarguable；真正主语：that 从句（主语 laboratories...satellites；谓语 demand；宾语 significant amounts of energy）
结构It is + 形容词 + that 引导主语从句。从句主语为并列名词短语，破折号插入同位语 the tools，其后省略关系代词的定语从句 we scientists need to measure the planet’s pulse 修饰 tools。both...and... 并列修饰 demand 的状语，说明能耗发生在建造与运行两个阶段。
译文无可争辩的是，我们的实验室、科学仪器、火箭和卫星——科学家用来测量地球“脉搏”的工具——在建造和运行过程中都需要消耗大量能源。
考点It is unarguable that... 形式主语结构 · 破折号插入同位语 + 省略关系词的定语从句
2How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can’t track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, where it’s coming from and who’s producing it?
主干主语：we；谓语：can inform；间接宾语：decision makers；直接宾语：the best ways；条件从句主语：we；谓语：can’t track；宾语：the amount... 及后续并列成分
结构特殊疑问句作主句，if 引导真实条件状语从句。track 后接三个并列宾语：the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere、where it’s coming from、who’s producing it，后两项为名词性从句，与名词短语并列，共同说明“追踪”的内容。
译文如果我们无法追踪大气中二氧化碳的含量、它从何而来以及由谁排放，又怎能告知决策者降低碳排放的最佳途径？
考点if 条件从句中三个并列宾语（名词短语 + 两个名词性从句） · how 特殊疑问句表反问
3It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.
主干形式主语：It；谓语：can be；表语：hard；真正主语：to make the case；原因从句主语：our work；谓语：is / takes place / does not lend itself
结构It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do 不定式作真正主语。because 引导原因状语从句，从句中三个并列谓语：is complex、often takes place behind closed doors、does not always lend itself to...，共用主语 our work。lend itself to 为固定搭配。
译文科学家往往很难把道理讲清楚，因为我们的工作复杂，常常关起门来进行，而且并不总是便于通俗解读或说明。
考点It is hard for sb. to do 真正主语 · lend itself to 后接名词，表示“适于”
4Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize, which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.
主干主语：Recognising the hope...（动名词短语）；谓语：was；表语：the impetus
结构动名词短语作主语，其中 hope 后接 that 引导的定语从句（science and engineering can bring）。表语 impetus 后 behind... 介词短语作后置定语。which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 Prize，as a celebration... 作伴随状语说明其性质。
译文正是认识到科学与工程所能带来的希望，才促成了千年技术奖的设立；该奖如今已迈入第二十个年头，用以颂扬人类的创造力。
考点动名词短语作主语 · which 非限制性定语从句 + as 短语表身份/功能
5Every day, scientists, technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to exploit renewable energy sources and develop techniques not just to use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.
主干主语：scientists, technologists and engineers；谓语：are discovering；宾语：new ways
结构并列主语后接现在进行时。ways 后两个并列不定式 to exploit... and (to) develop... 作后置定语。techniques 后再接 not just... but... 并列不定式，既修饰 develop 的目的，也形成对照：更聪明地用电 vs. 为智力供能。
译文每天，科学家、技术专家和工程师都在发现利用可再生能源的新途径，并开发各种技术，不仅更智能地使用电力，更要为我们的智力供能。
考点ways to do A and (to) do B 并列不定式作定语 · not just... but... 连接两个目的不定式