1This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful.
主干主语：This abrupt shift；谓语：was likely to have been；表语：harmful
结构主句为“This abrupt shift … was likely to have been harmful”。介词短语 to an “intensive mothering narrative” 修饰 shift。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 narrative；从句内 that 引导宾语从句，作 suggests 的宾语。was likely to have been 为情态+完成体，表对过去的推断。
译文这种骤然转向所谓“高强度母亲叙事”——即认为应由母亲独自承担育儿——很可能造成了伤害。
考点which 非限制性定语从句修饰抽象名词 narrative · be likely to have done 表示对已发生情况的推测
2Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing.
主干主语：Chaudhary；谓语：said；宾语：that 引导的并列内容
结构said 后接 that 宾语从句。从句由 but 连接两套结构：前半为比较结构 less … than；后半主语为动名词 introducing additional caregivers。which 非限制性定语从句修饰整个后半句（减压与降低产后抑郁这件事），而非单一名词。
译文乔杜里说，如今父母从家庭和社会网络获得的育儿支持，少于人类进化史上的大部分时期；但引入更多照料者可以减轻压力和产后抑郁，进而对孩子的幸福感产生连锁益处。
考点which 可指代前面整句而非单个先行词 · 动名词短语作主语：introducing additional caregivers
3While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
主干主句主语：researchers；谓语：said；宾语：that 从句（western instructive teaching may contribute to conditions）
结构句首 While 引导让步/对比状语从句。主句 researchers said that …。that 从句主语 western “instructive teaching” 后接 where 非限制性定语从句，修饰这种教学模式。may contribute to 为情态推测。
译文采集狩猎社会的孩子在混龄游戏中通过观察和模仿学习，而研究者认为，西方那种要求学生坐着不动的“灌输式教学”，可能与注意缺陷多动障碍等状况有关。
考点While 表对比而非单纯时间 · where 定语从句修饰抽象的教学方式
4According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.
主干主语：these practices；谓语：could lead to；宾语：less anxiety
结构句首 According to 引出信息来源。Dr Nikhil Chaudhary 后接同位语 an evolutionary anthropologist … 标明身份。these practices 与插入语 known as alloparenting（过去分词短语作后置定语）被逗号隔开。could lead to 表可能性。
译文剑桥大学进化人类学家尼基尔·乔杜里博士认为，这些被称为“协同抚育”的做法，可能会减轻孩子和父母的焦虑。
考点同位语标明人物身份 · known as … 过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性修饰
5An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
主干前句主语：An infant；谓语：could have；宾语：more than ten caregivers。后句主语：this；谓语：contrasts
结构破折号连接两个分句，后句 this 回指前句所述情况。born to … 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 infant。where 定语从句修饰 nursery settings；call for 后接名词短语 a ratio of …。aged two to three 修饰 children。
译文采集狩猎社会里，一个婴儿可能拥有十多名照料者——这与英国托儿所形成鲜明对比：那里规定两到三岁幼儿的看护比例为一名保育员对四名儿童。
考点破折号后 this 指代前文整句内容 · where 定语从句修饰地点名词 settings