1In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.
主干主语:Indonesia;谓语:started phasing in;宾语:a program
结构主句后接that引导的定语从句修饰program;under certain conditions为介词短语作状语;such as后接现在分词短语requiring...作同位语举例说明conditions,其中or连接两个并列动词keep和get。
译文2007年,印尼开始逐步推行一项计划,在特定条件下向最贫困居民发放现金,例如要求人们让孩子继续上学或定期就医。
考点phase in表示逐步引入;such as后可接动名词短语举例
2The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.
主干主语:The only previous study;谓语:supported;宾语:the traditional view
结构analyzing causality为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰study;based on...为过去分词短语作插入定语,其中that had instituted CCTs为定语从句修饰area;整体为简单句夹杂多重修饰。
译文此前唯一一项分析因果关系的研究(基于墨西哥某已实施有条件现金转移计划的地区)支持了传统观点。
考点分词短语作后置定语;插入的based on结构常考
3Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012 —including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces.
主干主语:Ferraro;谓语:analyzed;宾语:satellite data
结构showing...为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰data;破折号内including...为插入语补充时间范围;in 7,468...为地点状语修饰analyzed,across 15 provinces进一步限定villages。
译文费拉罗分析了卫星数据,这些数据显示了2008至2012年间(包括印尼扶贫计划逐步推行期间)15个省7468个林区村庄的年度森林损失情况。
考点破折号插入补充信息;showing分词短语作定语
4Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”
主干主语:the value;谓语:is;表语:more than the program costs
结构Even if引导让步状语从句;Ferraro says为插入语;引号内为主句,of the avoided deforestation为介词短语修饰value,just for...alone为介词短语强调范围。
译文费拉罗说,即便该计划未能减轻贫困,“仅就避免的二氧化碳排放而言,所避免的森林砍伐的价值就已经超过了计划成本。”
考点even if让步从句;just...alone强调结构