1A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were upfront about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness.
主干主语：A Harvard Business School study；谓语：found；宾语：that 引导的从句（observers rated... while those... lost...）
结构主句后接 that 宾语从句。从句内含 who 定语从句修饰 those，while 连接并列对比分句，后一分句省略了与前一分句相同的谓语结构（rated... highly），hid 后省略 themselves。consistently 与 more highly 作状语。
译文哈佛商学院的一项研究发现，观察者始终给那些坦诚自我的人更高评价，而那些有所隐瞒的人则失去了可信度。
考点while 引导对比，后一分句常省略重复成分 · who 定语从句修饰 those，upfront about 后接反身代词
2The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or studiously stash them away, you should just be honest.
主干主语：The lesson；谓语：is；表语：not that... but rather... you should just be honest
结构not that... but rather... 构成并列否定-肯定结构。when given... 为过去分词短语作时间状语，逻辑主语是 you，内部含 or 连接的不定式选择。open book 为比喻。
译文这并不是说你该把自己的私生活完全公开，而是说，当可以选择主动透露自己的细节或刻意藏着掖着时，你只需诚实就好。
考点not that... but rather... 强调后者 · when given 过去分词作状语，省略 you are
3Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.
主干主语：being receptive to others；谓语：is；表语：Just as important as being honest about yourself（倒装）
结构表语前置的倒装句，正常语序为 Being receptive... is just as important as being honest...。just as... as 同级比较，两个 being 动名词短语对等。
译文和坦诚自我同样重要的，是乐于倾听他人。
考点just as... as 同级比较引起的表语前置倒装 · 动名词短语作主语与比较对象
4One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
主干主语：One study；谓语：found；宾语：that 从句（people responded... because...）
结构that 宾语从句中含 that 定语从句修饰 comments。possibly because 引导原因状语从句，it 指代 comments 的转变，suggested 后接省略 that 的宾语从句。
译文一项研究发现，人们对先抑后扬的评价反应最好，这或许是因为它暗示他们已经把某人争取过来了。
考点that 定语从句修饰 comments · because 从句中 it 指代前文 comments 的转变