2018 考研英语二 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 1

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

主干形式主语:It;谓语:is;表语:curious;真正主语:that 从句

结构It is + 形容词 + that 主语从句。从句主干为 Stephen Koziatek feels,as though 引导方式状语从句,其中 he has to justify 为谓语,his efforts 为宾语,to give...future 为不定式作后置定语修饰 efforts。almost 修饰 as though 从句。

译文奇怪的是,斯蒂芬·科齐亚特克几乎觉得自己必须为自己帮助学生争取更好前途的努力辩解一番。

考点It is + adj. + that 真正主语从句 · as though 引导方式状语从句,常接虚拟或主观感受

2When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

主干疑问副词:When;谓语:did become;形式主语:it;表语:accepted wisdom;真正主语:that 从句

结构特殊疑问句,It 作形式主语,that 引导主语从句。从句中 should be able to name... 与 (should) be utterly overwhelmed... 由 but 连接,形成对比并列;by a broken bike chain 为被动结构的施事。accepted wisdom 为名词化表达。

译文从何时起,人们默认学生该能说出美国第13任总统的名字,却面对断了的自行车链条束手无策,这成了公认的道理?

考点形式主语 it + that 主语从句的疑问变体 · but 连接两个并列谓语,后一谓语省略 should

3Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.

主干主语:Nothing;谓语:is gained;方式状语:by forcing...

结构被动句。by 后接动名词 forcing 作方式状语,students 为 forcing 的宾语,to learn geometry 为宾补。at a graffitied desk 为地点状语,stuck with... 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 desk。necessarily 修饰 gained。

译文把学生按在一张涂满涂鸦、粘着几代人丢弃的口香糖的课桌前硬学几何,未必就能有什么收获。

考点by + 动名词表示手段 · 过去分词短语 stuck with... 后置修饰 desk

4But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.

主干主语:the headlong push(以及 the subtle devaluing);谓语:misses;宾语:an important point

结构破折号插入并列主语 the subtle devaluing of anything less,与 the headlong push 共同作主语。冒号后为同位语从句/解释性分句 That’s not...,其中 the American economy needs 为省略关系代词的定语从句修饰 thing。for all 修饰 degrees。

译文然而,一味推动人人攻读学士学位——并隐隐贬低学历更低的一切——忽略了重要一点:美国经济需要的并不只是这个。

考点破折号插入并列主语 · 冒号后对 point 作解释;定语从句省略 that

5In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face.

主干主语:one obvious solution;谓语:is staring;宾语:us

结构句首 In other words 为衔接语。at a time when... 为时间状语,when 定语从句修饰 time。frustrated that... 为过去分词短语作伴随状语,说明工人阶级心态;其中 that 为宾语从句,内部又含定语从句 that once defined America 修饰 opportunity。主句为 one obvious solution is staring us in the face。

译文换言之,当工人阶级因曾经定义美国的机会正在消失而感到沮丧、从而把整个国家的政治格局搅得天翻地覆之际,一个显而易见的解决办法就摆在眼前。

考点when 定语从句 + 过去分词短语作伴随状语 · stare sb in the face 习语:近在眼前、显而易见