1__5__ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that __6__ pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to __7__ with one another.
主干主语：their brains；谓语：release；宾语：oxytocin
结构前半为时间/条件状语从句（people place...institution），主句为核心。oxytocin后接同位语a hormone，再跟that引导的定语从句修饰hormone；该从句含并列谓语__6__...and triggers...；instinct后又接that引导的定语从句，内含prompts sb. to do结构。层层嵌套，修饰链长。
译文当人们把信任寄托在某个人或某个机构身上时，大脑会释放催产素——一种能带来愉悦感、并触发促使人们彼此亲近的从众本能的激素。
考点同位语+多重定语从句层层修饰同一名词 · prompt sb. to do 与 herding instinct 的搭配理解
2Scientists have found that exposure __8__ this hormone puts us in a trusting __9__: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their __10__ who inhaled something else.
主干主语：Scientists；谓语：have found；宾语：that从句（exposure puts us...）
结构主句后接that宾语从句。冒号后用实验细节解释：分号连接两个分句；后一分句含比较结构than were their __10__（倒装，省略ready to lend...），who引导定语从句修饰对照者。比较对象与省略、倒装是难点。
译文科学家发现，接触这种激素会让我们进入信任状态：在一项瑞士研究中，研究人员向一半受试者鼻腔喷入催产素；这些人愿意借给陌生人的金额，显著高于吸入其他物质的对照者。
考点than were... 比较句倒装与省略 · 冒号后用例证解释前文结论
3Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were __18__ to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.
主干主语：the majority；谓语：were __18__；补足：to cooperate...
结构句首Among...为范围状语，其中who引导定语从句修饰children。主句后接现在分词demonstrating作结果状语，再接that宾语从句。be __18__ to do 表示意愿/倾向，in learning...作cooperate的方面状语。
译文在未被欺骗的孩子中，大多数都愿意配合测试者学习一项新技能，表明他们信任对方的引导。
考点介词短语Among提前限定主语范围 · 现在分词短语作结果状语 + that从句
4Half of them found a toy; the other half __16__ the container was empty – and realized the tester had __17__ them.
主干主语：the other half；谓语：__16__；宾语从句：the container was empty；并列谓语：realized
结构分号连接对比的两半受试者。后一分句谓语后接省略that的宾语从句；破折号后and realized并列，再接省略that的宾语从句（had __17__ them）。破折号强调“随之意识到被骗”这一结果。
译文一半孩子发现了玩具；另一半发现容器是空的——并意识到测试者骗了他们。
考点分号对比 + 破折号补充结果 · 并列谓语后接省略引导词的宾语从句
5__11__ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may __12__ us.
主干主语：we；谓语：have；宾语：a sixth sense
结构句首__11__ for us为评注性状语。for dishonesty介词短语修饰sense；that引导定语从句修饰sixth sense，may __12__ us为从句谓语。sixth sense for...表示对某事物的直觉。
译文对我们来说幸运的是，我们还有一种识破欺骗的第六感，或许能保护自己。
考点评注性状语提前 · that定语从句修饰抽象名词sense