1Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
主干主语：manufacturing；谓语：has taken；宾语：a significant hit。后一分句主语：further trade deals；谓语：raise；宾语：questions
结构并列复合句。前半为简单主谓宾，Without question 作评注性状语。and 连接第二分句；questions 后接介词 about，再接 whether 引导的宾语从句，作 about 的宾语，说明“疑问”的具体内容。could hit 表对未来冲击的可能性。
译文毫无疑问，近几十年来制造业已遭受重创，而进一步的贸易协定又让人担心：新的冲击会不会再次砸向制造业。
考点whether 引导宾语从句作介词 about 的宾语 · raise questions about 后常接从句或名词，表“引发对……的质疑”
2At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers.
主干主语：Robert Roth；谓语：keeps；宾语：a close eye
结构主句为 Robert Roth keeps a close eye on...。句首 At RoMan Manufacturing 为地点状语；其后 a maker of... 是同位语，说明该公司性质；that his father cofounded in 1980 为定语从句，修饰 maker（亦可理解为修饰公司）。keep a close eye on 为固定搭配。
译文在罗曼制造公司——一家由其父于1980年参与创办、生产电力变压器和焊接设备的企业——罗伯特·罗斯密切关注着近200名员工的年龄。
考点同位语 + that 定语从句层层修饰专有名词 · keep a close eye on = 密切关注
3But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory.
主干主语：manufacturers；谓语：have to clear；宾语：another major hurdle
结构句首 to win over... 为目的状语。冒号后 parents 是 hurdle 的同位语，具体点明障碍是什么。who lived through... 为非限制性定语从句修饰 parents；telling them to avoid the factory 为现在分词短语作后置定语（或伴随说明），与 who 从句共同刻画父母的态度。
译文但要争取这些年轻工人，制造商还得迈过另一道大坎：那些经历过大萧条以来美国最严重经济衰退的父母，正劝他们远离工厂。
考点冒号后同位语对抽象名词 hurdle 作具体解释 · 非限制性定语从句与分词短语叠加修饰同一名词
4“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College.
主干主语：the gap；谓语：is；表语：between the jobs... and those...
结构直接引语作 says 的宾语，引语为主系表结构。between A and B 中，A 为 the jobs that take no skills（that 定语从句），B 为 those that require a lot of skill（those 指代 jobs，后再接定语从句）。句末 a business professor... 为 Rob Spohr 的同位语。
译文“缺口存在于那些毫无技能要求的岗位与那些需要大量技能的岗位之间，”蒙卡尔姆社区学院商科教授罗布·斯波尔说。
考点those 指代前面的 jobs，避免重复 · 并列定语从句对比两类工作
5They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.
主干前分句主语：They；谓语：may be coming。后分句主语：they；谓语：have been plucked
结构but 连接转折并列句。后一分句为现在完成时被动语态；by other industries 引出施事；that are also doing as well as manufacturing 为定语从句修饰 industries，as well as 表示“同样出色”，不是“以及”。方括号为原文插入说明。
译文他们或许正进入职场，但已被其他同样经营得不错的行业抢走了。
考点pluck 被动：被挖走、被抢走 · as well as 此处意为“同样好地”，勿误作并列连词