1Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.
主干主语：Planning documents；谓语：pledged；宾语：that 引导的从句（legacy would be to lever...）
结构主句后接 that 宾语从句。从句中主语 the great legacy of the Games，谓语 would be，表语为不定式 to lever... away from...。of the Games 修饰 legacy；a nation of sport lovers 作 lever 的宾语，away from their couches 为结果/方向状语。pledge that 后接完整陈述。
译文规划文件承诺，奥运会的伟大遗产将是把整个热爱运动的民族从沙发上撬起来。
考点pledge that 后接宾语从句，表示正式承诺 · lever... away from 为比喻用法，表促使脱离惰性
2There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.
主干主语：there is joy（比较结构两端）；谓语：is；比较：as much... as...
结构there be 句型套 as much... as 同级比较。over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line 为介词短语，其中 being clapped 是现在分词被动作后置定语修饰 first-timer；后半 as there is about top talent shining 省略 joy，shining 为现在分词修饰 talent。
译文气喘吁吁的新手被鼓掌送过终点线时的喜悦，丝毫不亚于顶尖高手大放异彩时的喜悦。
考点as much... as 比较结构中后半常省略重复名词 · being clapped over the line 为分词被动作定语
3The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
主干前句主语：The dual aim；谓语：was mixed up。后句主语：The stress；谓语：was intimidating；对象：for newcomers
结构冒号后解释前句。后句主语 The stress on success over taking part，其中 on success 与 over taking part 构成对比介词结构，修饰 stress；intimidating 为表语形容词，for newcomers 表对象。over 此处表“重于、压过”。
译文双重目标被搅在一起：强调成功胜过参与，这让新手望而生畏。
考点stress on A over B 表示重A轻B · 冒号后独立分句起解释说明作用
4Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations.
主干主语：there is something；表语/补足：absurd in the state getting involved...
结构there be + something + 形容词 + in + 动名词复合结构。the state getting involved 为独立主格/动名词复合（逻辑主语 the state）；in the planning of... 修饰 getting involved；such... as... 引出同位举例 community sports associations。插入引号的 grassroots 作前置定语。
译文说真的，让国家插手规划像社区体育协会这种本质上属于“草根”的概念，未免有点荒唐。
考点there is something + adj. + in doing 表某做法带有某种性质 · such a... concept as... 用 as 引出具体例子
5If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods – making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.
主干条件从句：If there is a role；主句主语：it；谓语：should be getting involved in providing...
结构If 条件状语从句 + 主句。破折号后 making sure... and encouraging... 为现在分词短语并列，补充说明 providing common goods 的具体内容。making sure 后接 there be 宾语从句；the money to pave... 与 space 并列作 there is 的宾语。and encouraging 与 making sure 并列。
译文如果政府真有角色可扮演，那它真正该做的是提供公共产品——确保有运动场地、有铺设网球场和篮网球场的资金，并推动学校开展所有这些活动。
考点破折号后分词短语对前文作具体列举 · getting involved in providing 强调持续介入而非一次性动作