1A different and not mutually exclusive __3__ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one __4__ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives __5__, people will simply become lazy and depressed.
主干主语：A different and not mutually exclusive __3__；谓语：holds；宾语：that 引导的从句（future will be a wasteland）
结构主句后接 that 宾语从句。one 作 wasteland 的同位语，后接过去分词短语 __4__ by purposelessness 作后置定语。冒号后为独立解释句：Without jobs… 为介词短语作条件状语，其中 to give their lives __5__ 为目的状语修饰 jobs。
译文另一种并不相互排斥的看法认为，未来将是另一类荒原，一片被无目的感所笼罩的荒原：没有工作赋予生命以意义，人们只会变得懒散而抑郁。
考点not mutually exclusive 作前置定语，修饰空格名词（多为 prediction/view） · one 指代 wasteland，后接分词定语；冒号后补充说明
2Also, some research suggests that the __8__ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction __9__ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.
主干主语：some research；谓语：suggests；宾语：that 从句（主干为 the __8__ … is a shortage）
结构that 宾语从句中，主语 the __8__ 后接 for 介词短语说明对象，再接 __9__ poorly-educated… 作后置定语（多为 among），谓语是系动词 is，表语为 a shortage of well-paid jobs。rising rates of 后三个名词并列。
译文此外，一些研究表明，受教育程度较低的中年人死亡率、心理健康问题和成瘾率上升的原因，在于缺乏薪酬优厚的工作。
考点suggests that 后接完整主系表从句，勿把 is 前的长修饰当成谓语 · for… 与 among… 两层后置修饰叠套
3But it doesn’t __11__ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.
主干形式主语：it；谓语：doesn’t follow；真正主语：that 从句
结构it 为形式主语，真正主语是 that 从句。doesn’t follow from… 表示“并不能由此必然得出”。would be filled with 为对假想无工作世界的虚拟判断。like these 修饰 findings。
译文但并不能从这类发现中必然推出：一个没有工作的世界就会充满不安。
考点it doesn’t follow that… 固定结构：并不因此得出…… · follow from 后接依据，that 从句才是结论
4Such visions are based on the __12__ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.
主干主语：Such visions；谓语：are based on；宾语：the __12__ of being unemployed…
结构被动结构 be based on。of being unemployed 为介词 of 的宾语（动名词短语）。in a society 作地点状语，society 后接过去分词短语 built on… 作后置定语。
译文这类设想基于在一个以就业观念为根基的社会中失业的体验。
考点based on + 名词（experience 等）+ of doing · built on the concept of… 分词定语修饰 society
5In the __13__ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could __14__ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
主干主语：a society；谓语：could __14__；宾语：strikingly different circumstances
结构句首 In the __13__ of work 为介词短语作状语（absence 等）。主语 society 后接过去分词短语 designed with other ends in mind 作后置定语。for the future of labor and leisure 修饰 circumstances。
译文在没有工作的情况下，一个以其他目标为出发点而设计的社会，完全可能为劳动与闲暇的未来创造出截然不同的境况。
考点designed with… in mind 作后置定语，主干是 society could yield/create… · In the absence of 等介词短语表条件