1The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine.
主干主语：The first published sketch；谓语：brought；宾语：tears to Dickens’s eyes
结构主干为 The sketch brought tears to Dickens’s eyes。引号内 “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” 是 sketch 的同位语，说明作品名称；句末 when he discovered it... 是时间状语从句，其中 it 指代 sketch。published 为过去分词作定语，修饰 sketch。注意 brought tears to one's eyes 是固定搭配，意为「使某人热泪盈眶」，不要按字面译成「把眼泪带到眼睛」。
译文第一篇发表的随笔《白杨道晚宴》让狄更斯在《月刊》上看到它时热泪盈眶。
考点bring tears to one's eyes 固定搭配，意为「使某人感动落泪」 · 同位语紧跟被说明的名词，常用来给出作品、人物等的名称
2From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.
主干主语：his sketches；谓语：earned；宾语：him a modest reputation（双宾语）
结构主干为 his sketches earned him a modest reputation，earn 接双宾语（earn sb. sth.）。两个逗号之间 which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 sketches，翻译时可拆成独立小句。From then on 为时间状语。modest 此处意为「不大的、些许的」，不是「谦虚的」。
译文从那时起，他以笔名“博兹”在《晚间纪事报》上发表随笔，为他赢得了一定的名声。
考点earn sb. sth. 双宾语结构：earn him a reputation 为他赢得声誉 · 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，翻译时往往独立成句
3Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story.
主干主语：a publishing firm；谓语：approached；宾语：Dickens；宾补：to write a story
结构句首 Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared 是时间状语从句。主干 a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story，approach sb. to do sth. 意为「请某人做某事」。in monthly installments 是方式状语；as a backdrop for... 介词短语说明故事的用途；句末 who had originated the idea for the story 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 Robert Seymour。then-famous 意为「当时著名的」。
译文《博兹随笔》出版后不久，一家出版公司找到狄更斯，请他为当时著名画家罗伯特·西摩的一系列木刻版画配写一个按月连载的故事作为背景；这个故事的创意最初正是西摩提出的。
考点approach sb. to do sth. 意为「接洽某人做某事」，approach 此处不是「接近」的本义 · in installments 表示「分期连载」，考研阅读常见表达
4At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
主干主语：Dickens；谓语：submitted；宾语：short sketches；状语：to obscure magazines
结构主干为 Dickens submitted short sketches to obscure magazines。主语后 who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him 是非限制性定语从句，其中 especially anything comic or odd 是插入的补充说明成分，comic or odd 为形容词后置修饰 anything。submit sth. to... 意为「向……投稿」。obscure 此处为形容词「不知名的」，不是动词「使模糊」。
译文与此同时，狄更斯以记者般的眼光记录周围的生活，尤其是任何滑稽或古怪的事情，并把短篇随笔投给一些不知名的杂志。
考点have an eye for 意为「对……有鉴赏力/善于发现」 · 形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything comic or odd
5The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret.
主干主语：The humiliations；谓语：formed ... and became ...（并列谓语）；宾语/表语：Dickens’s greatest wound / his deepest secret
结构主干为 The humiliations formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret，一个主语带两个并列谓语 formed 和 became。of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory 是介词短语作后置定语，of 后接两个并列名词短语，共同说明 humiliations 的来源。imprisonment 由动词 imprison 派生，意为「监禁」。
译文父亲入狱和他在鞋油厂做工所蒙受的屈辱，成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他内心最深的秘密。
考点一个主语带并列谓语 formed ... and became ...，注意第二个谓语不要另找主语 · of 短语中并列结构 A and B 共同修饰中心词 humiliations