1But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.
主干主语：it；谓语：did so；状语：while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct
结构主句 it did so 承接上文 overturned。while 引导时间/伴随状语，holding its nose 为习语性现在分词。which 非限制性定语从句修饰 conduct；included 后接动名词 accepting；from a company 修饰 gifts；seeking access 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 company。
译文但它在推翻判决的同时，对麦当奈尔的操守仍颇为不齿——其行为包括收受一家谋求接触政府的公司所赠劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等礼品。
考点hold one’s nose at 表示虽做某事却对其道德不以为然 · which 非限制性定语从句 + 分词短语层层后置修饰
2The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.
主干主语：The high court’s decision；谓语：said；宾语：省略 that 的宾语从句（the judge failed to tell…）
结构said 后接宾语从句。从句主干 the judge failed to tell a jury that…；that 引导 tell 的直接宾语从句。or 连接同位说明，把 official acts 解释为 decisions on…；related to his duties 为过去分词短语修饰 issues。
译文最高法院的裁决指出，麦当奈尔案主审法官未告知陪审团：他们只能审视其“公务行为”，即这位前州长就其职责范围内“具体且尚未决断”的事项所作的决定。
考点fail to do 表示未能履行应告知义务 · or 引出同位语，对引号内术语作法律界定
3“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”
主干主语：The basic compact；谓语：assumes；宾语：that 从句
结构引语被 wrote… 插入语拆成前后两段。underlying representative government 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 compact。that 引导 assumes 的宾语从句，will hear… and act… 为并列谓语。
译文首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨代表法庭写道：“代议制政府赖以存在的基本契约，假定公职人员会倾听选民的声音并对其关切采取行动。”
考点引语被插入语切断的引用结构 · underlying 分词定语 + assume that 宾语从句
4Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.
主干主语：Officials；谓语：must not be allowed；宾语补足语：to play favorites
结构被动情态 must not be allowed to do。in providing… or in arranging… 为并列介词短语修饰 play favorites。simply because 引导原因状语从句，说明不得优待的理由；provides 后 or 连接两种利益输送。
译文不得仅仅因为某人或某团体提供了竞选捐款或私人礼品，就允许官员在提供信息或安排会面时徇私偏袒。
考点must not be allowed to 表禁止许可 · simply because 强调“仅因……就……”的不当因果
5If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government – is undermined.
主干主语：a basic premise；谓语：is undermined；条件：If connections can be bought
结构If 条件状语从句在前。主句主语 premise 后接 of democratic society；破折号内 that 从句为同位语，解释 premise 的具体内容。被动 is undermined 突出前提遭侵蚀。
译文倘若人脉可以收买，民主社会的一项基本前提——人人在政府面前待遇平等——便会遭到削弱。
考点破折号插入 that 同位语从句解释抽象名词 premise · 条件从句 + 被动主句强调后果