1At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.
主干主语：the TMT’s planned location；谓语：is（倒装后置于句首的表语 At issue 之后）；表语：at issue
结构完全倒装：表语 At issue 前置，真正主语为 the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea。逗号后 a dormant volcano 为同位语，worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko 为过去分词短语作后置定语；that connects... 为定语从句，修饰 piko（或整座火山），说明其文化象征。
译文争议的焦点是三十米望远镜计划建在莫纳克亚山上——这座休眠火山被部分夏威夷人奉为“肚脐”（piko），据说它把夏威夷群岛与苍穹相连。
考点表语前置引起的完全倒装 · 同位语 + 过去分词定语 + that 定语从句层层叠加
2Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
主干主语：Mauna Kea’s peak；谓语：rises；地点状语：above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere
结构句首 Rested in the Pacific Ocean 为过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是山峰。where 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 atmosphere（亦可理解为“大气层之上的那一高度”），说明观测条件。allow sb. to do 为复合宾语。
译文莫纳克亚山坐落于太平洋中，其峰顶高出地球大部分稠密大气层，那里的条件使望远镜能拍到无比清晰的图像。
考点句首过去分词状语与主语的逻辑关系 · where 非限制性定语从句的先行词判断
3A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
主干主语：A small but vocal group；谓语：have viewed；宾语：their presence；宾补：as disrespect... and a painful reminder...
结构view... as... 结构，as 后并列两个名词短语。of what was once a sovereign nation 中 what 引导宾语从句，作 of 的宾语，相当于 the thing that。occupation 后的 of 表“对……的占领”。
译文一小群但声音很大的夏威夷人和环保人士，长期以来把望远镜的存在视为对圣地的不敬，也视为对这片曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。
考点view A as B and C 的并列宾补 · what 引导的名词性从句作介词宾语
4The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.
主干主语：The same curiosity；谓语：inspires；宾语：astronomers；宾补：to explore the heavens
结构主语后 to find what lies... 为不定式定语；what 引导宾语从句。that first brought... 为定语从句，修饰 curiosity（被 same...that 分隔）。inspire sb. to do 为复合宾语。主干被长定语远远拉开。
译文正是那种要探寻地平线之外有什么的好奇心，当初把早期波利尼西亚人带到夏威夷海岸，如今同样激励着天文学家去探索苍穹。
考点same...that 分隔较远的定语从句 · 不定式定语与 that 从句同时修饰 curiosity
5Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.
主干主语：Calls；谓语：ignore；宾语：the reality
结构Calls 后两个并列不定式 to disassemble... or to ban... 作定语。that 引导同位语从句，解释 reality。从句中 about 后接三个并列的名词性从句 who/where/where。both 强调 astronomy 与 Hawaiian culture 并列主语。
译文要求拆除莫纳克亚山上全部望远镜或禁止今后在此开发的呼声，忽视了一个事实：天文学与夏威夷文化都在试图回答我们是谁、从何处来、往何处去这些重大问题。
考点名词 Calls + 并列不定式定语 · reality 后 that 同位语从句 + 介词后多个疑问词从句