1“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”
主干主语：米尔顿·弗里德曼；谓语：写道；宾语：There is one and only one social responsibility of business
结构这是一个复合句，插入语成分“a Nobel prize-winning economist”是对主语的解释。主句为“wrote ...”，宾语是双引号内的引用句。该引用句本身是“There is ...”结构，内含“to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits”作目的状语，整体包含引号引用和插入语，结构复杂易混淆。
译文米尔顿·弗里德曼，一位获得诺贝尔奖的经济学家，写道：“企业唯一的社会责任就是使用其资源并从事旨在增加其利润的活动。”
考点引用句的嵌套结构 / 插入语成分的识别
2And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
主干主语：halo effect；谓语：earn；宾语：greater consideration from consumers and others
结构这是一个并列句中的第三点，包含介词短语“through a more diffuse “halo effect,””作方式状语。后面是“whereby”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰“halo effect”，解释其含义。句子结构紧凑，包含方式状语和定语从句，容易被考生忽略其修饰关系。
译文第三，通过一种更广泛的“光环效应”，即其善举会赢得消费者和其他人的更多关注。
考点whereby引导的定语从句 / 方式状语的运用
3Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
主干主语：Their analysis；谓语：ruled out；宾语：the possibility
结构这是一个复合句，主句为“ruled out the possibility”，宾语是“that it was ... that accounted for the leniency”引导的同位语从句。句中“rather than”连接两个并列成分对比。冒号后是独立句子解释前文。包含同位语从句、对比结构和冒号解释，难点在于识别“that”引导的强调结构和并列连词用法。
译文他们的分析排除了政治影响力而非CSR立场导致宽大处理的可能性：向政治竞选捐款更多的公司并未获得更低的罚款。
考点that引导的强调句 / 冒号后独立句的解释作用
4In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.
主干主语：the study；谓语：concludes；宾语：that whereas ...
结构这是一个复合句，句首“In all”是插入成分。主句为“the study concludes that ...”，宾语是“whereas”引导的让步状语从句，连接两个并列分句对比。句子包含插入语、让步状语从句和主从句，结构严谨，容易被误解为简单句。
译文总之，这项研究得出结论，虽然检察官应仅根据案件 merits 评估，但似乎也会受到公司CSR记录的影响。
考点whereas引导的让步状语从句 / 插入成分的处理
5“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
主干主语：one researcher；谓语：says；宾语：We estimate that either ...
结构这是一个复合句，引号内是主句“We estimate that ...”，宾语是“that either ... or ... results in ...”引导的宾语从句。句中“either ... or ...”连接两个并列动词短语作主语，“such as child labour”是插入成分解释“labour-rights concern”。引号引用和动词时态处理是难点，包含宾语从句、插入语和并列结构。
译文“我们估计，消除重大劳工权利问题，比如童工问题，或增加企业捐赠约20%，会导致通常比贿赂外国官员的典型处罚低40%的罚款，”一位研究者说。
考点either...or...并列结构 / 插入语成分的识别