1This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
主干主语：This movement；谓语：built and shaped；宾语：a nation out of a wilderness and the character and destiny of an uncharted continent
结构句子主干为并列谓语结构“built ... and shaped ...”。“driven by powerful and diverse motivations”为过去分词短语作原因状语，修饰主语；“by its nature”为介词短语作方式状语，插入在并列结构之间。整个句子体现了过去分词作状语和并列宾语的复杂结构，是典型的复合句式。
译文在过去的100年间，也就是17世纪和18世纪初，一股从欧洲涌向美洲的大规模移民潮——历史上最伟大的民族迁徙之一——席卷了整个大陆。
考点过去分词短语作原因状语 · 并列谓语与插入语的运用
2The United States is the product of two principal forces – the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
主干主语：The United States；谓语：is；表语：the product of two principal forces
结构句子主干为“the United States is the product of two principal forces”。破折号后为同位语结构，列举了两个并列的forces：第一个是“the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics”（介词短语+同位语），第二个是“the impact of a new country which modified these traits”（介词短语+定语从句）。这是一个典型的并列同位语结构，包含了介词短语和定语从句。
译文美国是两种主要力量的产物——欧洲人民的移民潮，他们带着不同的思想、习俗和民族特征，以及一个新大陆对这些特征的改造作用。
考点破折号后的同位语结构 · 定语从句修饰“a new country”
3But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
主干主语：the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent；谓语：caused；宾语：significant changes
结构句子主干为长主语+谓语+宾语。主语由三个并列的名词短语组成：第一个是“the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America”（介词短语+定语从句），第二个是“the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another”（介词短语+同位语），第三个是“the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent”（介词短语+动名词短语作定语）。这是一个典型的并列长主语结构，包含了定语从句、介词短语和动名词短语，是考研英语中常见的复杂句式。
译文但是，地理条件对美洲的独特影响，不同民族群体之间的相互作用，以及在新大陆上维持旧有生活方式的巨大困难，造成了显著的变化。
考点并列长主语的结构 · 介词短语和动名词短语作定语
4But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
主干主语：the result；谓语：was；宾语：a new social pattern
结构句子主干为“the result was a new social pattern”。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“a new social pattern”；从句内部“although it resembled European society in many ways”为让步状语从句，插入在主句中，修饰整个从句；“had a character that was distinctly American”为并列谓语，第二个“that was distinctly American”为定语从句修饰“a character”。这是一个包含让步状语从句和两个定语从句的复合句。
译文但是，结果是一个新的社会模式，虽然它在许多方面类似于欧洲社会，但却具有鲜明美洲特色。
考点非限制性定语从句 · 让步状语从句的插入和倒装
5The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.
主干主语：The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees；谓语：was；宾语：a real treasure-house
结构句子主干为“the virgin forest ... was a real treasure-house”。“with its richness and variety of trees”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰“the virgin forest”；“which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia”为定语从句，修饰“a real treasure-house”，其中“extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia”为介词短语作状语，表明范围。整个句子体现了介词短语作定语和定语从句的结构。
译文原始森林因其树木的丰富多样性，成为一个真正的宝库，从缅因州一直延伸到佐治亚州。
考点介词短语作后置定语 · 定语从句修饰宾语