2015 考研英语一 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part B

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.

主干主语:you;谓语:try to comprehend

结构主句后接in the sense of介词短语作方式状语,其中identifying...and working out...为并列动名词短语;drawing on...为现在分词短语作伴随状语,修饰comprehend的方式。整体为简单句加多层状语修饰。

译文显然,你会努力去理解,即辨认单个词语的含义并理清它们之间的关系,同时调动你对英语语法的隐性知识。

考点in the sense of 后接动名词表示“在……意义上” · drawing on 分词短语作伴随状语

2You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

主干主语:You;谓语:begin to infer;宾语:a context

结构主句后接for instance by making...介词短语作方式状语;about后接what引导的宾语从句;冒号后为四个并列疑问结构作speech event的具体说明,相当于同位解释。

译文你开始为文本推断一个语境,例如通过判断这是何种言语事件:谁在说话、对谁说、何时何地说。

考点by making decisions about + 宾语从句 · 冒号后并列疑问结构作同位说明

3What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world.

主干主语:What is in question;谓语:is not;表语:the retrieval... or some timeless relation

结构主语为what引导的名词性从句;表语由not...or...连接两个并列名词短语;第一个名词后接that定语从句修饰meaning,从句含并列谓语can be read off and checked。

译文这里讨论的并不是提取某种绝对、固定或“真实”的意义(这种意义可以读出来并核对准确性),也不是文本与世界之间某种永恒的关系。

考点what is in question 作主语从句 · not A or B 并列否定表语

4Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page– including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns – debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.

主干主语:debates;谓语:can play;宾语:an important role

结构Precisely because引导原因状语从句,从句主语readers后接from介词短语修饰,谓语produce,宾语readings;破折号内including介词短语作插入补充,其中that定语从句修饰texts;主句在破折号后。

译文正因为来自不同历史时期、地点和社会经历的读者会对纸上相同的文字产生不同却又相互重叠的解读——包括那些探讨人类根本关切的文本——关于文本的争论才能在信仰与价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。

考点because原因状语从句前置 · 破折号插入including补充说明

5Such dimensions of reading suggest – as others introduced later in the book will also do – that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.

主干主语:Such dimensions;谓语:suggest;宾语:that从句

结构主句谓语suggest后接that宾语从句;破折号内as引导方式状语从句作插入语,others后接过去分词短语introduced later in the book作后置定语。

译文阅读的这些层面表明——本书后面介绍的其他层面也会表明——我们在任何阅读行为中都会带入一种隐性的(常常未被意识到的)议程。

考点as引导插入的方式状语从句 · that宾语从句中bring...to结构