1It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
主干主语:It;谓语:is;表语:the reason
结构主句为It is the reason why...,why引导定语从句修饰reason。该从句内嵌when引导的时间状语从句,主句部分为all we can do is...(不定式作表语),and not grasp为并列否定结构,省略do。整体层层嵌套,易误判why从句类型。
译文这也正是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时,所能做的只是说出自己对它的感受,而无法把握音乐本身。
考点why引导定语从句修饰reason,而非状语从句 · all we can do is后接省略to的不定式
2By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
主干主语:he / I;谓语:was / find;表语/宾语:a freethinking person / courage an essential quality
结构由and连接两个并列分句。第二分句中find后接复合宾语(courage + an essential quality)。for the understanding...of his works为介词短语作后置定语,let alone插入表示递进,修饰understanding与performance的并列关系。
译文据大家所说,他是一个思想自由的人,也是一个勇敢的人;我发现勇气是理解其作品的必备品质,更不用说演奏了。
考点let alone表示递进,后接名词短语 · find + 宾语 + 宾补的复合结构
3Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
主干主语:Beethoven’s habit;谓语:was used
结构主语habit后接of + 动名词短语作定语,其中and then连接两个并列动名词increasing...and following...。主句为被动语态,only rarely作状语前置强调,by composers before him为施动者。长主语易导致主谓识别困难。
译文贝多芬习惯以极大的强度增强音量,然后突然接上一段轻柔的乐段,这种手法在他之前的作曲家中极少使用。
考点of后接并列动名词短语作habit的定语 · 被动语态中状语前置强调rarely
4Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
主干主语:his view of freedom;谓语:was;表语:Especially significant
结构完全倒装句,表语前置强调。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰view,for him为插入语。冒号后为解释性独立分句,and of personal expression与of thought并列修饰freedom。
译文尤为重要的是他对自由的看法,对他而言,自由与个人的权利与责任相关:他倡导思想自由和个人表达自由。
考点表语前置的完全倒装 · which非限制性定语从句+插入语
5One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
主干主语:One;谓语:could interpret;宾语:much of the work
结构by saying that...为方式状语,that引导宾语从句。从句内部由but连接两个并列分句:suffering is inevitable与the courage...renders...。to fight it为不定式作courage的后置定语,worth living为宾语补足语。
译文人们可以这样解读贝多芬的许多作品:苦难不可避免,但与之抗争的勇气使生命值得过下去。
考点by saying that引出解释性宾语从句 · renders + 宾语 + 宾补(worth living)