1Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
主干主语：Scientists；谓语：have found；宾语：that 引导的宾语从句（从句主干：we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects）
结构主句后接 that 宾语从句。从句内 although 引导让步状语从句，随后 if 引导条件状语从句，其中 how we are likely to react 为 think about 的宾语从句。主句 we can reduce or even eliminate... 才是 that 从句的真正主干；of our quick, hard-wired responses 作 effects 的后置定语。
译文科学家发现，尽管我们容易做出仓促过激反应，但只要稍停片刻、想想自己可能会如何反应，就能减轻甚至消除那些快速、本能反应带来的负面影响。
考点although 与 if 叠用时，真正主干常在最后，勿把让步/条件当主句 · be prone to 后接名词或动名词
2Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.
主干主语：Psychologists；谓语：found；宾语：that 从句（从句主干：viewing...primes us）
结构that 宾语从句中，动名词短语 viewing a fast-food logo... 作主语，primes 为谓语，us 为宾语，to read...faster 为宾语补足语。even though 引导让步状语从句，补充说明阅读与进食无关。at the University of Toronto 修饰主语。
译文多伦多大学的心理学家发现，哪怕只看几毫秒的快餐标志，也会让我们阅读速度加快两成，尽管阅读与进食几乎毫无关系。
考点prime sb. to do 表示“使人预先倾向于做某事” · even though 让步从句与主句语义对比，勿误作因果
3If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying.
主干主语：we；谓语：can take；宾语：a moment（条件从句：If we know...）
结构If 条件从句中，know 后接省略 that 的宾语从句 we will overreact...；when we see a happy face 为时间状语从句。括号内 one reason... 是同位说明，解释笑脸为何有效。主句 we can take a moment before buying 与条件对应。
译文如果我们知道，一看到笑脸就会对消费品或房源反应过激（这也是优秀销售和房产中介总是面带微笑的原因之一），就可以在下手购买前先停一停。
考点overreact to 后接名词；括号内容是插入的同位解释，不是主干 · know 后宾语从句常省略 that
4John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study.
主干主语：John Gottman；谓语：explains；宾语：that 从句（从句主干：we “thin slice” information）
结构the marriage expert 为同位语。that 宾语从句中，only after 引导时间状语从句，强调“可靠地薄片化判断”须建立在长期“厚切片”研究之后。thin slice / thick sliced 为比喻性动词用法，reliably 修饰 thin slice。
译文婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼解释说，只有把这类瞬间反应建立在“厚切片”式的长期研究之上，我们才能可靠地快速“薄切片”信息。
考点only after 强调时间先后，主句动作的可靠性依赖于从句 · 同位语 the marriage expert 插入主谓之间
5Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.
主干主语：Our ability；谓语：is；表语：what 引导的名词性从句
结构to mute...by pausing 为 ability 的后置定语。what differentiates us from animals 是表语从句。冒号后 dogs can think... 对前句作例证性补充说明，only intermittently or for a few minutes 限制 think 的时间范围。
译文我们能通过停顿来抑制本能反应，正是这一点把我们与动物区分开来：狗对未来的思考只能断断续续，或仅持续几分钟。
考点what 表语从句 = the thing that...；冒号后是解释而非新主干 · ability to do 中不定式作后置定语