1A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.
主干主语:A federal appeals court;谓语:overturned;宾语:the prior decision
结构主句后接现在分词短语 ruling that... 作伴随状语,说明推翻判决的同时作出的裁定。that 引导宾语从句,作 ruling 的宾语。宾语从句中 two genes 后接 that 引导的定语从句,修饰 genes,说明其功能。整体为“主句 + 分词状语 + 宾语从句 + 定语从句”的层层嵌套。
译文联邦上诉法院推翻了先前的判决,裁定麦利亚德基因公司确实可以对两个有助于预测女性乳腺癌风险的基因持有专利。
考点现在分词 ruling 作伴随状语,表示与主句动作同时发生的裁定行为 · that 定语从句修饰 genes,注意 forecast 的宾语是 a woman's risk
2In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”
主干主语:the Department of Justice;谓语:filed;宾语:a brief
结构主句后接现在分词 arguing that... 作伴随状语。that 引导宾语从句,其中使用 no less...than 比较结构,than 后因主语较长而倒装为 than are cotton fibres。cotton fibres 后接 that 引导的定语从句(被动完成时),修饰 fibres。引号内为原文引用,含省略号。
译文十月,司法部在麦利亚德案中提交了一份辩护状,主张分离出的 DNA 分子“与从棉籽中分离出来的棉纤维一样,同样是自然产物”。
考点no less...than 表示“与……同样”,than 后因主语长而倒装 · that have been separated 为定语从句,修饰 cotton fibres
3Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.
主干主语:Firms;谓语:are studying;宾语:how genes interact
结构主句宾语为 how 引导的宾语从句。逗号后现在分词 looking for... 作伴随状语,说明研究的目的。correlations 后接 that 引导的定语从句,从句谓语 might be used 后接不定式 to determine... or predict...,or 连接两个并列的不定式,共同作目的。
译文各公司如今正在研究基因如何相互作用,寻找可能用于确定病因或预测药物疗效的关联。
考点how 引导宾语从句作 studying 的宾语 · that 定语从句中 or 连接两个不定式,共用 might be used to
4Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.
主干主语:Their success;谓语:may be determined;状语:by a suit
结构主句为被动结构。a suit 后接过去分词短语 related to this issue 作后置定语,再接过去分词短语 brought by the Mayo Clinic 作另一后置定语。which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 a suit,从句中 the Supreme Court 作主语,hear 为谓语。两个分词短语连续修饰同一名词。
译文他们的成败可能取决于梅奥诊所提起的、与此问题相关的一桩诉讼,最高法院将在下一庭期审理该案。
考点related to 与 brought by 均为过去分词短语作后置定语,连续修饰 suit · which 非限制性定语从句修饰 suit,注意 hear 在此意为“审理”